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Register a new userResonant Gravitational Wave Amplification - Axion and Inflaton
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Authors
Bruce A. Bassett
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We demonstrate the parametric amplification of the stochastic gravitational wave background during inflationary reheating and during axion/moduli oscillations. This amplification enhances the detectability of the string/inflationary gravity wave signal, leaving a finger-print on the spectrum which might be found with future gravitational wave detectors.
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We present a new realization of the resonant production of primordial black holes as well as gravitational waves in a two-stage inflation model consisting of a scalar field phi with an axion-monodromy-like periodic structure in the potential that governs the first stage and another field chi with a hilltop-like potential that dominates the second stage. The parametric resonance seeded by the periodic structure at the first stage amplifies the perturbations of both fields inside the Hubble radius. While the evolution of the background trajectory experiences a turn as the oscillatory barrier height increases, the amplified perturbations of chi remain as they are and contribute to the final curvature perturbation. It turns out that the primordial power spectrum displays a significant resonant peak on small scales, which can lead to an abundant production of primordial black holes. Furthermore, gravitational waves are also generated from the resonantly enhanced field perturbations during inflation, the amplitude of which may be constrained by future gravitational wave interferometers.
Scalar metric fluctuations generically source a spectrum of gravitational waves at second order in perturbation theory, poising gravitational wave experiments as potentially powerful probes of the small-scale curvature power spectrum. We perform a detailed study of the imprint of primordial non-Gaussianity on these induced gravitational waves, emphasizing the role of both the disconnected and connected components of the primoridal trispectrum. Specializing to local-type non-Gaussianity, we numerically compute all contributions and present results for a variety of enhanced primordial curvature power spectra.
In this paper, we consider dynamical Chern-Simons gravity with the identification of the scalar field coupled though the Pontryagin density with the axion dark matter, and we discuss the effects of the parametric resonance on gravitational waves (GWs). When we consider GWs in a coherently oscillating axion cloud, we confirm that significant resonant amplification of GWs occurs in a narrow frequency band, and the amplification is restricted to the late epoch after the passage of the incident waves. We also identify the condition that an axion cloud spontaneously emits GWs. Once we take into account the randomness of the spatial phase distribution of the axion oscillations, we find that the amplification is suppressed compared with the coherent case, but significant amplification of GWs can still occur. We also examine whether or not the amplification of GWs is possible in the present universe, taking into account the history of the universe. We find that resonant amplification is difficult to be tested from GW observations in the standard scenario of the axion DM model, in which the axion is the dominant component of DM. However, there is some parameter window in which the resonant amplification of GWs might be observed, if the axion is subdominant component of DM, and the axion cloud formation is delayed until the Hubble rate becomes much smaller than the axion mass.
In this white paper, we discuss the prospects for characterizing and identifying dark matter using gravitational waves, covering a wide range of dark matter candidate types and signals. We argue that present and upcoming gravitational wave probes offer unprecedented opportunities for unraveling the nature of dark matter and we identify the most urgent challenges and open problems with the aim of encouraging a strong community effort at the interface between these two exciting fields of research.
Axions predicted in string theory may have a scalar potential which has a much shallower potential region than the conventional cosine potential. We first show that axions which were located at such shallow potential regions generically undergo prominent resonance instabilities: the well-known narrow resonance and/or the flapping resonance, which has not been well investigated. We also study non-linear dynamics of axions caused by these resonance instabilities based on lattice simulation. We find that string axions in various mass ranges generate gravitational waves (GWs) with peaks at various frequencies determined by the mass scales, dubbed the GW forest. This may allow us to explore string axiverse through future multi-frequency GW observations. We also investigate GWs produced by the axion which accounts for present dark matter component.
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