Using archival X-ray data, we find that the catalog location of the X-ray binary Scutum X-1 (Sct X-1) is incorrect, and that the correct location is that of the X-ray source AX J183528-0737, which is 15 to the west. Our identification is made on the basis of the 112-s pulse period for this object detected in an XMM-Newton observation, as well as spatial coincidence between AX J183528-0737 and previous X-ray observations. Based on the XMM-Newton data and archival RXTE data, we confirm secular spin-down over 17 years with period derivative Pdot~3.9e-9 s/s, but do not detect a previously reported X-ray iron fluorescence line. We identify a bright (Ks=6.55), red (J-Ks=5.51), optical and infrared counterpart to AX J183528-0737 from 2MASS, a number of mid-IR surveys, and deep optical observations, which we use to constrain the extinction to and distance of Sct X-1. From these data, as well as limited near-IR spectroscopy, we conclude that Sct X-1 is most likely a binary system comprised of a late-type giant or supergiant and a neutron star.
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