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Register a new userLack of cooling flow clusters at z>0.5
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The goal of this work is to study the incidence rate of cooling flows in the high redshift clusters using Chandra observations of z>0.5 objects from a new large, X-ray selected catalog. We find that only a very small fraction of high-z objects have cuspy X-ray brightness profiles, which is a characteristic feature of the cooling flow clusters at z~0. The observed lack of cooling flows is most likely a consequence of a higher rate of major mergers at z>0.5.
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Most galaxies in clusters have supermassive black holes at their center, and a fraction of those supermassive black holes show strong activity. These active galactic nuclei(AGNs) are an important probe of environmental dependence of galaxy evolution, intra-cluster medium, and cluster-scale feedback. We investigated AGN fraction in one of the largest samples of X-ray selected clusters from the ROSAT and their immediate surrounding field regions below z < 0.5. We found lower average AGN fraction in clusters, (2.37+-0.39)% than for the fields (5.12+-0.16)%. The lower AGN fractions in clusters were measured, after dividing the clusters into five redshift intervals between 0.0 and 0.5, in each redshift interval, and we found an increase in the fraction for both cluster and field galaxies with redshift below z < 0.5, which clearly indicates an environment and redshift dependence. We further divided the clusters into low-mass and high-mass objects using a mass cut at log(M500/Msun) = 13.5, finding comparable AGN fractions for both classifications, while a significantly higher AGN fraction in field. We also measured increasing AGN fractions with clustercentric distance for all redshift bins, further confirming the environmental dependence of AGN activities. In addition, we did not find an obvious trend between AGN fraction and SDSS-R absolute magnitudes among different redshift bins. We conclude that the lower AGN fraction in clusters relative to fields indicate that factors, such as inefficient galaxy mergers and ram pressure stripping cause a deficit of cold gas available in high density regions to fuel the central super-massive black hole. Clusters and fields in present universe have lost more gas relative to their high redshift counterparts resulting in a lower AGN fraction observed today.
We describe Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of 10 of the 20 ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS) fields. Each ~40 square arcminute field was imaged in the F814W filter with the Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Camera. Based on these data, we present visual morphological classifications for the ~920 sources per field that are brighter than I_auto=23 mag. We use these classifications to quantify the morphological content of 10 intermediate-redshift (0.5 < z < 0.8) galaxy clusters within the HST survey region. The EDisCS results, combined with previously published data from seven higher redshift clusters, show no statistically significant evidence for evolution in the mean fractions of elliptical, S0, and late-type (Sp+Irr) galaxies in clusters over the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.2. In contrast, existing studies of lower redshift clusters have revealed a factor of ~2 increase in the typical S0 fraction between z=0.4 and z=0, accompanied by a commensurate decrease in the Sp+Irr fraction and no evolution in the elliptical fraction. The EDisCS clusters demonstrate that cluster morphological fractions plateau beyond z ~ 0.4. They also exhibit a mild correlation between morphological content and cluster velocity dispersion, highlighting the importance of careful sample selection in evaluating evolution. We discuss these findings in the context of a recently proposed scenario in which the fractions of passive (E,S0) and star-forming (Sp,Irr) galaxies are determined primarily by the growth history of clusters.
We present new gas kinematic observations with the OSIRIS instrument at the GTC for galaxies in the Cl1604 cluster system at z=0.9. These observations together with a collection of other cluster samples at different epochs analyzed by our group are used to study the evolution of the Tully-Fisher, velocity-size and stellar mass-angular momentum relations in dense environments over cosmic time. We use 2D and 3D spectroscopy to analyze the kinematics of our cluster galaxies and extract their maximum rotation velocities (Vmax). Our methods are consistently applied to all our cluster samples which make them ideal for an evolutionary comparison. Up to redshift one, our cluster samples show evolutionary trends compatible with previous observational results in the field and in accordance with semianalytical models and hydrodynamical simulations concerning the Tully-Fisher and velocity-size relations. However, we find a factor 3 drop in disk sizes and an average B-band luminosity enhancement of 2 mag by z=1.5. We discuss the role that different cluster-specific interactions may play in producing this observational result. In addition, we find that our intermediate-to-high redshift cluster galaxies follow parallel sequences with respect to the local specific angular momentum-stellar mass relation, although displaying lower angular momentum values in comparison with field samples at similar redshifts. This can be understood by the stronger interacting nature of dense environments with respect to the field.
We investigate the relationship between environment and galaxy evolution in the redshift range $0.5 < z < 1.0$. Galaxy overdensities are selected using a Friends-of-Friends algorithm, applied to deep photometric data in the Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) field. A study of the resulting stellar mass functions reveals clear differences between cluster and field environments, with a strong excess of low-mass rapidly quenched galaxies in cluster environments compared to the field. Cluster environments also show a corresponding deficit of young, low-mass star-forming galaxies, which show a sharp radial decline towards cluster centres. By comparing mass functions and radial distributions, we conclude that young star-forming galaxies are rapidly quenched as they enter overdense environments, becoming post-starburst galaxies before joining the red sequence. Our results also point to the existence of two environmental quenching pathways operating in galaxy clusters, operating on different timescales. Fast quenching acts on galaxies with high specific star-formation rates, operating on timescales shorter than the cluster dynamical time ($ < 1$ Gyr). In contrast, slow quenching affects galaxies with moderate specific star-formation rates, regardless of their stellar mass, and acts on longer timescales ($gtrsim 1$ Gyr). Of the cluster galaxies in the stellar mass range $9.0 < log(M_{*}/M_{odot}) < 10.5$ quenched during this epoch, we find that 73% were transformed through fast quenching, while the remaining 27% followed the slow quenching route.
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D.M. Neumann (CEA/Saclay
, Service dAstrophysique
, France andn Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik - MPE
1999
We present ROSAT HRI data of the distant and X-ray luminous (L_x(bol)=2.6^ {+0.4}_{-0.2} 10^{45}erg/sec) cluster of galaxies 3C 295. We fit both a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional isothermal beta-model to the data, the latter one taking into account the effects of the point spread function (PSF). For the error analysis of the parameters of the two-dimensional model we introduce a Monte-Carlo technique. Applying a substructure analysis, by subtracting a cluster model from the data, we find no evidence for a merger, but we see a decrement in emission South-East of the center of the cluster, which might be due to absorption. We confirm previous results by Henry & Henriksen(1986) that 3C 295 hosts a cooling flow. The equations for the simple and idealized cooling flow analysis presented here are solely based on the isothermal beta-model, which fits the data very well, including the center of the cluster. We determine a cooling flow radius of 60-120kpc and mass accretion rates of dot{M}=400-900 Msun/y, depending on the applied model and temperature profile. We also investigate the effects of the ROSAT PSF on our estimate of dot{M}, which tends to lead to a small overestimate of this quantity if not taken into account. This increase of dot{M} (10-25%) can be explained by a shallower gravitational potential inferred by the broader overall profile caused by the PSF, which diminishes the efficiency of mass accretion. We also determine the total mass of the cluster using the hydrostatic approach. At a radius of 2.1 Mpc, we estimate the total mass of the cluster (M{tot}) to be (9.2 +/- 2.7) 10^{14}Msun. For the gas to total mass ratio we get M{gas}/M{tot} =0.17-0.31, in very good agreement with the results for other clusters of galaxies, giving strong evidence for a low density universe.
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