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Register a new userDiscovery of a WO star in the Scutum-Crux arm of the inner Galaxy
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We report the discovery of only the fourth massive WO star to be found in the Milky Way, and only the seventh identified within the Local Group. This has resulted from the first observations made in a programme of follow-up spectroscopy of candidate emission line stars from the AAO/UK Schmidt Southern Galactic Plane H-alpha Survey. The optical spectrum of this star, to become WR 93b in the Catalogue of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, is presented and described. WR 93b is classified as WO3 and is shown to be highly reddened (E(B-V) = 2.1 pm 0.1). A recombination line analysis of the emission lines yields the abundance ratios C/He = 0.95 and O/He = 0.13 (by number). Comparisons at near infrared wavelengths of reddening corrected photometry between WR 93b and both of Sand 2 (WO3, D = 49 kpc) and Sand 5 (WO2, D = 1.75 kpc) yields a consistent distance to WR 93b of 3.4 kpc. Positioned at Galactic co-ordinates l = 353.27, b = -0.85, the star is most likely located in the Scutum-Crux Arm of the inner Milky Way. We note that none of the four Galactic WO stars lies significantly beyond the Solar Circle (with two well inside). Estimation of the wind terminal velocity in WR 93b at 5750 km/s makes this star the current wind speed record holder among all non-degenerate stars.
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We report on the unprecedented Red Supergiant (RSG) population of a massive young cluster, located at the base of the Scutum-Crux Galactic arm. We identify candidate cluster RSGs based on {it 2MASS} photometry and medium resolution spectroscopy. With follow-up high-resolution spectroscopy, we use CO-bandhead equivalent width and high-precision radial velocity measurements to identify a core grouping of 26 physically-associated RSGs -- the largest such cluster known to-date. Using the stars velocity dispersion, and their inferred luminosities in conjuction with evolutionary models, we argue that the cluster has an initial mass of $sim$40,000msun, and is therefore among the most massive in the galaxy. Further, the cluster is only a few hundred parsecs away from the cluster of 14 RSGs recently reported by Figer et al (2006). These two RSG clusters represent 20% of all known RSGs in the Galaxy, and now offer the unique opportunity to study the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars, and the Blue- to Red-Supergiant ratio at uniform metallicity. We use GLIMPSE, MIPSGAL and MAGPIS survey data to identify several objects in the field of the larger cluster which seem to be indicative of recent region-wide starburst activity at the point where the Scutum-Crux arm intercepts the Galactic bulge. Future abundance studies of these clusters will therefore permit the study of the chemical evolution and metallicity gradient of the Galaxy in the region where the disk meets the bulge.
HIFI GOT C+ Galactic plane [CII] spectral survey has detected strong emission at the spiral arm tangencies. We use the unique viewing geometry of the Scutum-Crux (S-C) tangency near i = 30degs to detect the warm ionized medium (WIM) component traced by [CII] and to study the effects of spiral density waves on Interstellar Medium (ISM) gas. We compare [CII] velocity features with ancillary HI, 12CO and 13CO data near tangent velocities at each longitude to separate the cold neutral medium and the warm neutral + ionized components in the S-C tangency, then we identify [CII] emission at the highest velocities without any contribution from 12CO clouds, as WIM. We present the GOT C+ results for the S-C tangency. We interpret the diffuse and extended excess [CII] emission at and above the tangent velocities as arising in the electron-dominated warm ionized gas in the WIM. We derive an electron density in the range of 0.2 - 0.9 cm^-3 at each longitude, a factor of several higher than the average value from Halpha and pulsar dispersion. We interpret the excess [CII] in S-C tangency as shock compression of the WIM induced by the spiral density waves.
% context About 2500 planetary nebulae are known in our Galaxy but only 224 have central stars with reported spectral types in the Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker et al. 1992; Acker et al. 1996) % aims We have started an observational program aiming to increase the number of PN central stars with spectral classification. % methods By means of spectroscopy and high resolution imaging, we identify the position and true nature of the central star. We carried out low resolution spectroscopic observations at CASLEO telescope, complemented with medium resolution spectroscopy performed at Gemini South and Magellan telescopes. % results As a first outcome of this survey, we present for the first time the spectra of the central star of the PN Th 2-A. These spectra show emission lines of ionized C and O, typical in Wolf-Rayet stars. % conclusions We identify the position of that central star, which is not the brightest one of the visual central pair. We classify it as of type [WO 3]pec, which is consistent with the high excitation and dynamical age of the nebula.
The Outer Scutum-Centaurus arm (OSC) is the most distant molecular spiral arm known in the Milky Way. The OSC may be the very distant end of the well-known Scutum-Centaurus arm, which stretches from the end of the Galactic bar to the outer Galaxy. At this distance the OSC is seen in the first Galactic quadrant. The population of star formation tracers in the OSC remains largely uncharacterized. Extragalactic studies show a strong correlation between molecular gas and star formation, and carbon monoxide (CO) emission was recently discovered in the OSC. Here we use the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12-m telescope to observe the $^{12}$CO J = 1-0 and $^{13}$CO J = 1-0 transitions toward 78 HII region candidates chosen from the WISE Catalog of Galactic HII Regions. These targets are spatially coincident with the Galactic longitude-latitude ($ell, b$) OSC locus as defined by HI emission. We detect CO emission in $sim 80$% of our targets. In total, we detect 117 $^{12}$CO and 40 $^{13}$CO emission lines. About 2/3 of our targets have at least one emission line originating beyond the Solar orbit. Most of the detections beyond the Solar orbit are associated with the Outer Arm, but there are 17 $^{12}$CO emission lines and 8 $^{13}$CO emission lines with LSR velocities that are consistent with the velocities of the OSC. There is no apparent difference between the physical properties (e.g., molecular column density) of these OSC molecular clouds and non--OSC molecular clouds within our sample.
We present trigonometric parallax and proper motion measurements toward 22 GHz water and 6.7 GHz methanol masers in 16 high-mass star-forming regions. These sources are all located in the Scutum spiral arm of the Milky Way. The observations were conducted as part of the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy (BeSSeL) survey. A combination of 14 sources from a forthcoming study and 14 sources from the literature, we now have a sample of 44 sources in the Scutum spiral arm, covering a Galactic longitude range from 0$^circ$ to 33$^circ$. A group of 16 sources shows large peculiar motions of which 13 are oriented toward the inner Galaxy. A likely explanation for these high peculiar motions is the combined gravitational potential of the spiral arm and the Galactic bar.
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