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Register a new userA stroboscopic method for phase resolved pulsar observations
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We present a stroboscopic system developed for optical observations of pulsars and its application in the CLYPOS survey. The stroboscopic device is connected to a GPS clock and provides absolute timing to the stroboscopic shutter relative to the pulsars radio ephemerides. By changing the phase we can examine the pulsars light curve. The precisely timed stroboscope in front of the CCD camera can perform highly accurate time resolved pulsar photometry and offers the advantages of CCD cameras, which are high quantum efficiency as well as relatively large field of view, which is important for flux calibrations. CLYPOS (Cananea Ljubljana Young Pulsar Optical Survey) is an extensive search for optical counterparts of about 30 northern hemisphere radio pulsars. It is a collaboration between the INAOE, Mexico and the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the University of Ljubljana. Stroboscopic observations were done between December 1998 and November 2000 at the 2.12 m telescope of the Observatory Guillermo Haro in Cananea, Sonora. The first results of the survey are presented. Analyzed data indicate that there is no optical counterpart brighter than ~22.
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Photometric data of the Crab pulsar, obtained in stroboscopic mode over a period of more than eight years, are presented here. The applied Fourier analysis reveals a faint 60 second modulation of the pulsars signal, which we interpret as a free precession of the pulsar.
A stroboscope designed to observe pulsars in the optical spectrum is presented. The absolute phase of the stroboscope is synchronized to better than 2.5 microseconds with the known radio ephemerides for a given pulsar. The absolute timing is provided by the GPS clock. With such a device phase resolved photometry of pulsars can be performed. We demonstrate the instruments capabilities with the results of a set of observations of the Crab pulsar, the brightest of the known optical pulsars, with a visual magnitude of 16.5, and a rotational frequency of ~29Hz.
Context{The high energy emission regions of rotation powered pulsars are studied using folded light curve (FLCs) and phase resolved spectra (PRS).} aims{This work uses the NICER observatory to obtain the highest resolution FLC and PRS of the Crab pulsar at soft X-ray energies.} methods{NICER has accumulated about 347 ksec of data on the Crab pulsar. The data are processed using the standard analysis pipeline. Stringent filtering is done for spectral analysis. The individual detectors are calibrated in terms of long time light curve (LTLC), raw spectrum and deadtime. The arrival times of the photons are referred to the solar systems barycenter and the rotation frequency $ u$ and its time derivative $dot u$ are used to derive the rotation phase of each photon.} results{The LTLCs, raw spectra and deadtimes of the individual detectors are statistically similar; the latter two show no evolution with epoch; detector deadtime is independent of photon energy. The deadtime for the Crab pulsar, taking into account the two types of deadtime, is only approx 7% to 8% larger than that obtained using the cleaned events. Detector 00 behaves slightly differently from the rest, but can be used for spectral work. The PRS of the two peaks of the Crab pulsar are obtained at a resolution of better than 1/512 in rotation phase. The FLC very close to the first peak rises slowly and falls faster. The spectral index of the PRS is almost constant very close to the first peak.} conclusions{The high resolution FLC and PRS of the {{peaks}} of the Crab pulsar provide important constraints for the formation of caustics in the emission zone.}
We present a modified outer gap model to study the phase-resolved spectra of the Crab pulsar. A theoretical double peak profile of the light curve containing the whole phase is shown to be consistent with the observed light curve of the Crab pulsar by shifting the inner boundary of the outer gap inwardly to $sim 10$ stellar radii above the neutron star surface. In this model, the radial distances of the photons corresponding to different phases can be determined in the numerical calculation. Also the local electrodynamics, such as the accelerating electric field, the curvature radius of the magnetic field line and the soft photon energy, are sensitive to the radial distances to the neutron star. Using a synchrotron self-Compton mechanism, the phase-resolved spectra with the energy range from 100 eV to 3 GeV of the Crab pulsar can also be explained.
The stationary phase point (SPP) method in one-dimensional case is introduced to treat the diffractive scintillation. From weak scattering, where the SPP number N=1, to strong scattering (N$gg$1), via transitional scattering regime (N$sim$2,3), we find that the modulation index of intensity experiences the monotonically increasing from 0 to 1 with the scattering strength, characterized by the ratio of Fresnel scale $rf$ to diffractive scale $rdiff$.
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