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Register a new userDRDrV3: Complete Lesion Detection in Fundus Images Using Mask R-CNN, Transfer Learning, and LSTM
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Medical Imaging is one of the growing fields in the world of computer vision. In this study, we aim to address the Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) problem as one of the open challenges in medical imaging. In this research, we propose a new lesion detection architecture, comprising of two sub-modules, which is an optimal solution to detect and find not only the type of lesions caused by DR, their corresponding bounding boxes, and their masks; but also the severity level of the overall case. Aside from traditional accuracy, we also use two popular evaluation criteria to evaluate the outputs of our models, which are intersection over union (IOU) and mean average precision (mAP). We hypothesize that this new solution enables specialists to detect lesions with high confidence and estimate the severity of the damage with high accuracy.
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The use of fundus images for the early screening of eye diseases is of great clinical importance. Due to its powerful performance, deep learning is becoming more and more popular in related applications, such as lesion segmentation, biomarkers segmentation, disease diagnosis and image synthesis. Therefore, it is very necessary to summarize the recent developments in deep learning for fundus images with a review paper. In this review, we introduce 143 application papers with a carefully designed hierarchy. Moreover, 33 publicly available datasets are presented. Summaries and analyses are provided for each task. Finally, limitations common to all tasks are revealed and possible solutions are given. We will also release and regularly update the state-of-the-art results and newly-released datasets at https://github.com/nkicsl/Fundus Review to adapt to the rapid development of this field.
The early diagnosis and screening of glaucoma are important for patients to receive treatment in time and maintain eyesight. Nowadays, deep learning (DL) based models have been successfully used for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of glaucoma from retina fundus images. However, a DL model pre-trained using a dataset from one hospital center may have poor performance on a dataset from another new hospital center and therefore its applications in the real scene are limited. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive transfer learning (SATL) strategy to fill the domain gap between multicenter datasets. Specifically, the encoder of a DL model that is pre-trained on the source domain is used to initialize the encoder of a reconstruction model. Then, the reconstruction model is trained using only unlabeled image data from the target domain, which makes the encoder in the model adapt itself to extract useful high-level features both for target domain images encoding and glaucoma classification, simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SATL strategy is effective in the domain adaptation task between one private and two public glaucoma diagnosis datasets, i.e. pri-RFG, REFUGE, and LAG. Moreover, the proposed strategy is completely independent of the source domain data, which meets the real scene application and the privacy protection policy.
Purpose: We propose a deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CADe) method to detect breast lesions in ultrafast DCE-MRI sequences. This method uses both the three-dimensional spatial information and temporal information obtained from the early-phase of the dynamic acquisition. Methods: The proposed CADe method, based on a modified 3D RetinaNet model, operates on ultrafast T1 weighted sequences, which are preprocessed for motion compensation, temporal normalization, and are cropped before passing into the model. The model is optimized to enable the detection of relatively small breast lesions in a screening setting, focusing on detection of lesions that are harder to differentiate from confounding structures inside the breast. Results: The method was developed based on a dataset consisting of 489 ultrafast MRI studies obtained from 462 patients containing a total of 572 lesions (365 malignant, 207 benign) and achieved a detection rate, sensitivity, and detection rate of benign lesions of 0.90 (0.876-0.934), 0.95 (0.934-0.980), and 0.81 (0.751-0.871) at 4 false positives per normal breast with 10-fold cross-testing, respectively. Conclusions: The deep learning architecture used for the proposed CADe application can efficiently detect benign and malignant lesions on ultrafast DCE-MRI. Furthermore, utilizing the less visible hard-to detect-lesions in training improves the learning process and, subsequently, detection of malignant breast lesions.
Pneumonia is a life-threatening disease, which occurs in the lungs caused by either bacterial or viral infection. It can be life-endangering if not acted upon in the right time and thus an early diagnosis of pneumonia is vital. The aim of this paper is to automatically detect bacterial and viral pneumonia using digital x-ray images. It provides a detailed report on advances made in making accurate detection of pneumonia and then presents the methodology adopted by the authors. Four different pre-trained deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)- AlexNet, ResNet18, DenseNet201, and SqueezeNet were used for transfer learning. 5247 Bacterial, viral and normal chest x-rays images underwent preprocessing techniques and the modified images were trained for the transfer learning based classification task. In this work, the authors have reported three schemes of classifications: normal vs pneumonia, bacterial vs viral pneumonia and normal, bacterial and viral pneumonia. The classification accuracy of normal and pneumonia images, bacterial and viral pneumonia images, and normal, bacterial and viral pneumonia were 98%, 95%, and 93.3% respectively. This is the highest accuracy in any scheme than the accuracies reported in the literature. Therefore, the proposed study can be useful in faster-diagnosing pneumonia by the radiologist and can help in the fast airport screening of pneumonia patients.
There are many clinical contexts which require accurate detection and segmentation of all focal pathologies (e.g. lesions, tumours) in patient images. In cases where there are a mix of small and large lesions, standard binary cross entropy loss will result in better segmentation of large lesions at the expense of missing small ones. Adjusting the operating point to accurately detect all lesions generally leads to oversegmentation of large lesions. In this work, we propose a novel reweighing strategy to eliminate this performance gap, increasing small pathology detection performance while maintaining segmentation accuracy. We show that our reweighing strategy vastly outperforms competing strategies based on experiments on a large scale, multi-scanner, multi-center dataset of Multiple Sclerosis patient images.
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