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Let $X$ be a compact orientable non-Haken 3-manifold modeled on the Thurston geometry $text{Nil}$. We show that the diffeomorphism group $text{Diff}(X)$ deformation retracts to the isometry group $text{Isom}(X)$. Combining this with earlier work by many authors, this completes the determination the homotopy type of $text{Diff}(X)$ for any compact, orientable, prime 3-manifold $X$.
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We complete the proof of the Generalized Smale Conjecture, apart from the case of $RP^3$, and give a new proof of Gabais theorem for hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We use an approach based on Ricci flow through singularities, which applies uniformly to spherical space forms other than $S^3$ and $RP^3$ and hyperbolic manifolds, to prove that the moduli space of metrics of constant sectional curvature is contractible. As a corollary, for such a 3-manifold $X$, the inclusion $text{Isom} (X,g)to text{Diff}(X)$ is a homotopy equivalence for any Riemannian metric $g$ of constant sectional curvature.
Let $C^{[M]}$ be a (local) Denjoy-Carleman class of Beurling or Roumieu type, where the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and has moderate growth. We prove that the groups ${operatorname{Diff}}mathcal{B}^{[M]}(mathbb{R}^n)$, ${operatorname{Diff}}W^{[M],p}(mathbb{R}^n)$, ${operatorname{Diff}}{mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}(mathbb{R}^n)$, and ${operatorname{Diff}}mathcal{D}^{[M]}(mathbb{R}^n)$ of $C^{[M]}$-diffeomorphisms on $mathbb{R}^n$ which differ from the identity by a mapping in $mathcal{B}^{[M]}$ (global Denjoy--Carleman), $W^{[M],p}$ (Sobolev-Denjoy-Carleman), ${mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}$ (Gelfand--Shilov), or $mathcal{D}^{[M]}$ (Denjoy-Carleman with compact support) are $C^{[M]}$-regular Lie groups. As an application we use the $R$-transform to show that the Hunter-Saxton PDE on the real line is well-posed in any of the classes $W^{[M],1}$, ${mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}$, and $mathcal{D}^{[M]}$. Here we find some surprising groups with continuous left translations and $C^{[M]}$ right translations (called half-Lie groups), which, however, also admit $R$-transforms.
We analyze subsets of Carnot groups that have intrinsic constant normal, as they appear in the blowup study of sets that have finite sub-Riemannian perimeter. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we prove some mild regularity and structural results in arbitrary Carnot groups. Namely, we show that for every constant-normal set in a Carnot group its sub-Riemannian-Lebesgue representative is regularly open, contractible, and its topological boundary coincides with the reduced boundary and with the measure-theoretic boundary. We infer these properties from a cone property. Such a cone will be a semisubgroup with nonempty interior that is canonically associated with the normal direction. We characterize the constant-normal sets exactly as those that are arbitrary unions of translations of such semisubgroups. Second, making use of such a characterization, we provide some pathological examples in the specific case of the free-Carnot group of step 3 and rank 2. Namely, we construct a constant normal set that, with respect to any Riemannian metric, is not of locally finite perimeter; we also construct an example with non-unique intrinsic blowup at some point, showing that it has different upper and lower sub-Riemannian density at the origin. Third, we show that in Carnot groups of step 4 or less, every constant-normal set is intrinsically rectifiable, in the sense of Franchi, Serapioni, and Serra Cassano.
By studying the Higgs bundle equations with the gauge group replaced by the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms of the 2-sphere we encounter the notion of a folded hyperkaehler 4-manifold and conjecture the existence of a family of such metrics parametrised by an infinite-dimensional analogue of Teichmueller space.
We show that the identity component of the group of diffeomorphisms of a closed oriented surface of positive genus admits many unbounded quasi-morphisms. As a corollary, we also deduce that this group is not uniformly perfect and its fragmentation norm is unbounded, answering a question of Burago--Ivanov--Polterovich. As a key tool we construct a hyperbolic graph on which these groups act, which is the analog of the curve graph for the mapping class group.
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