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Register a new userA Positive-Definite Energy Functional for the Axisymmetric Perturbations of Kerr-Newman Black Holes
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Authors
Vincent Moncrief
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We consider the axisymmetric, linear perturbations of Kerr-Newman black holes, allowing for arbitrarily large (but subextremal) angular momentum and electric charge. By exploiting the famous Carter-Robinson identities, developed previously for the proofs of (stationary) black hole uniqueness results, we construct a positive-definite energy functional for these perturbations and establish its conservation for a class of (coupled, gravitational and electromagnetic) solutions to the linearized field equations. Our analysis utilizes the familiar (Hamiltonian) reduction of the field equations (for axisymmetric geometries) to a system of wave map fields coupled to a 2+1-dimensional Lorentzian metric on the relevant quotient 3-manifold. The propagating `dynamical degrees of freedom of this system are entirely captured by the wave map fields, which take their values in a four dimensional, negatively curved (complex hyperbolic) Riemannian target space whereas the base-space Lorentzian metric is entirely determined, in our setup, by elliptic constraints and gauge conditions.
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Using the notion of thermodynamic length, the first law of thermodynamics is consistently derived for two binary configurations of equal Kerr-Newman black holes separated by a massless strut. Like in the electrostatic systems of two Reissner-Nordstrom black holes and stationary vacuum systems of two Kerr black holes considered earlier, the thermodynamic length $ell$ turns out to be defined by the same simple formula $ell=Lexp(gamma_0)$, $L$ being the coordinate length of the strut and $gamma_0$ the value of the metric function $gamma$ on the strut, which permits the elaboration of $ell$ in a concise analytic form. The expression of the free energy in the case of two generic Kerr-Newman black holes is also proposed.
In this paper, we employ the general equatorially symmetric two-soliton solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations for elaborating two physically meaningful configurations describing a pair of equal Kerr-Newman corotating black holes separated by a massless strut. The first configuration is characterized by opposite magnetic charges of its constituents, while in the second configuration the black holes carry equal electric and opposite magnetic charges, thus providing a nontrivial example of a binary dyonic black-hole system. The thermodynamic properties of these binary configurations are studied and the first law of thermodynamics taking correctly into account the magnetic field contribution is formulated for each case.
In the present paper binary configurations of identical corotating Kerr-Newman black holes separated by a massless strut are derived and studied. After solving the axis conditions and establishing the absence of magnetic charges in the solution, one gets two 4-parametric corotating binary black hole models endowed with electric charge, where each source contains equal/opposite electric charge in the first/second configuration. Since the black hole horizons are given by concise expressions in terms of physical parameters, all their thermodynamical properties satisfying the Smarr relation for the mass are also obtained. We discuss the physical limits of both models.
Quantum radiative characteristics of slowly varying nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes are investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that the temperature and the shape of the event horizon of this kind of black holes depend on the time and the angle. Further, we reveal a relationship that is ignored before between thermal radiation and non-thermal radiation, which is that the chemical potential in thermal radiation spectrum is equal to the highest energy of the negative energy state of particles in non-thermal radiation for slowly varying nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes. Also, we show that the deduced general results can be degenerated to the known conclusion of stationary Kerr-Newman black holes.
A class of exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations is presented which describes an accelerating and rotating charged black hole in an asymptotically de Sitter or anti-de Sitter universe. The metric is presented in a new and convenient form in which the meaning of the parameters is clearly identified, and from which the physical properties of the solution can readily be interpreted.
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