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Register a new userOn the structure of computable reducibility on equivalence relations of natural numbers
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We examine the degree structure $mathbf{ER}$ of equivalence relations on $omega$ under computable reducibility. We examine when pairs of degrees have a join. In particular, we show that sufficiently incomparable pairs of degrees do not have a join but that some incomparable degrees do, and we characterize the degrees which have a join with every finite equivalence relation. We show that the natural classes of finite, light, and dark degrees are definable in $mathbf{ER}$. We show that every equivalence relation has continuum many self-full strong minimal covers, and that $mathbf{d}oplus mathbf{Id_1}$ neednt be a strong minimal cover of a self-full degree $mathbf{d}$. Finally, we show that the theory of the degree structure $mathbf{ER}$ as well as the theories of the substructures of light degrees and of dark degrees are each computably isomorphic with second order arithmetic.
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We study the class of Borel equivalence relations under continuous reducibility. In particular , we characterize when a Borel equivalence relation with countable equivalence classes is $Sigma$ 0 $xi$ (or $Pi$ 0 $xi$). We characterize when all the equivalence classes of such a relation are $Sigma$ 0 $xi$ (or $Pi$ 0 $xi$). We prove analogous results for the Borel equivalence relations with countably many equivalence classes. We also completely solve these two problems for the first two ranks. In order to do this, we prove some extensions of the Louveau-Saint Raymond theorem which itself generalized the Hurewicz theorem characterizing when a Borel subset of a Polish space is G $delta$ .
We generalise the main theorems from the paper The Borel cardinality of Lascar strong types by I. Kaplan, B. Miller and P. Simon to a wider class of bounded invariant equivalence relations. We apply them to describe relationships between fundamental properties of bounded invariant equivalence relations (such as smoothness or type-definability) which also requires finding a series of counterexamples. Finally, we apply the generalisation mentioned above to prove a conjecture from a paper by the first author and J. Gismatullin, showing that the key technical assumption of the main theorem (concerning connected components in definable group extensions) from that paper is not only sufficient but also necessary to get the conclusion.
Computable reducibility is a well-established notion that allows to compare the complexity of various equivalence relations over the natural numbers. We generalize computable reducibility by introducing degree spectra of reducibility and bi-reducibility. These spectra provide a natural way of measuring the complexity of reductions between equivalence relations. We prove that any upward closed collection of Turing degrees with a countable basis can be realised as a reducibility spectrum or as a bi-reducibility spectrum. We show also that there is a reducibility spectrum of computably enumerable equivalence relations with no countable basis and a reducibility spectrum of computably enumerable equivalence relations which is downward dense, thus has no basis.
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We study the bi-embeddability and elementary bi-embeddability relation on graphs under Borel reducibility and investigate the degree spectra realized by this relations. We first give a Borel reduction from embeddability on graphs to elementary embeddability on graphs. As a consequence we obtain that elementary bi-embeddability on graphs is a analytic complete equivalence relation. We then investigate the algorithmic properties of this reduction to show that every bi-embeddability spectrum of a graph is the jump spectrum of an elementary bi-embeddability spectrum of a graph.
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