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Register a new userHalo-Independent Analysis of Direct Dark Matter Detection Through Electron Scattering
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Added by
Volodymyr Takhistov
Publication date
2021
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Sub-GeV mass dark matter particles whose collisions with nuclei would not deposit sufficient energy to be detected, could instead be revealed through their interaction with electrons. Analyses of data from direct detection experiments usually require assuming a local dark matter halo velocity distribution. In the halo-independent analysis method, properties of this distribution are instead inferred from direct dark matter detection data, which allows then to compare different data without making any assumption on the uncertain local dark halo. This method has so far been developed for and applied to dark matter scattering off nuclei. Here we demonstrate how this analysis can be applied to scattering off electrons.
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Beginning with a set of simplified models for spin-0, spin-$half$, and spin-1 dark matter candidates using completely general Lorentz invariant and renormalizable Lagrangians, we derive the full set of non-relativistic operators and nuclear matrix elements relevant for direct detection of dark matter, and use these to calculate rates and recoil spectra for scattering on various target nuclei. This allows us to explore what high energy physics constraints might be obtainable from direct detection experiments, what degeneracies exist, which operators are ubiquitous and which are unlikely or sub-dominant. We find that there are operators which are common to all spins as well operators which are unique to spin-$half$ and spin-1 and elucidate two new operators which have not been previously considered. In addition we demonstrate how recoil energy spectra can distinguish fundamental microphysics if multiple target nuclei are used. Our work provides a complete roadmap for taking generic fundamental dark matter theories and calculating rates in direct detection experiments. This provides a useful guide for experimentalists designing experiments and theorists developing new dark matter models.
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Dark matter could emerge along with the Higgs as a composite pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson $chi$ with decay constant $fsim mathrm{TeV}$. This type of WIMP is especially compelling because its leading interaction with the Standard Model, the derivative Higgs portal, has the correct annihilation strength for thermal freeze-out if $m_chi sim O(100)$ GeV, but is negligible in direct detection experiments due to the very small momentum transfer. The explicit breaking of the shift symmetry which radiatively generates $m_chi$, however, introduces non-derivative DM interactions. In existing realizations a marginal Higgs portal coupling $lambda$ is generated with size comparable to the Higgs quartic, and thus well within reach of XENON1T. Here, we present and analyze the interesting case where the pattern of explicit symmetry breaking naturally suppresses $lambda$ beyond the reach of current and future direct detection experiments. If the DM acquires mass from bottom quark loops, the bottom quark also mediates suppressed DM-nucleus scattering with cross sections that will be eventually probed by LZ. Alternatively, the DM can obtain mass from gauging its stabilizing $U(1)$ symmetry. No direct detection signal is expected even at future facilities, but the introduction of a dark photon $gamma_D$ has a number of phenomenological implications which we study in detail, treating $m_{gamma_D}$ as a free parameter. Complementary probes of the dark sector include indirect DM detection, DM self-interactions, and extra radiation, as well as collider experiments. We frame our discussion in an effective field theory, motivating our parameter choices with a detailed analysis of an $SO(7)/SO(6)$ composite Higgs model, which can yield either scenario at low energies.
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