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Register a new userFeasibility study of TPC detector at high luminosity $Z$ pole on the circular collider
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Zhiyang Yuan
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With the development of the circular collider, it is necessary to make accurate physics experimental measurements of particle properties at higher luminosity $Z$ pole. Micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs), which contain Gaseous Electron Multiplier (GEM) and Micro-mesh gaseous structures (Micromegas), have excellent potential for development as the readout devices of the time projection chamber (TPC) tracker detector. To meet the updated physics requirements of the high luminosity $Z$ from the preliminary concept design report (preCDR) to concept design report (CDR) at the circular electron positron collider (CEPC), In this paper, the space charge distortion of the TPC detector is simulated with the CEPC beam structure. Using the multi-physics simulation software package, the distribution of ion estimated by Geant4 is used as the input for the differential equation, and the relationship between the ion density distribution and electric field in the detector chamber is simulated. These simulation results show that the maximum deviation for Higgs $mathcal{O}$(25 $mu$m) meets the performance requirements in CEPC TPC detector at the high luminosity $Z$ pole, while it is still a considerable challenge for $Z$ pole, with the maximum deviation $mathcal{O}$($>100~mu$m). According to the previous developments, the cascaded structure of GEM and Micromegas detector has been measured. The new considerations of the detectors requirements were given, the gain needs to be reached to about 2000 with IBF$times$Gain under 0.1, and IBF means the ions back flow ratio of the detector. The pixel TPC is a potential option to replace the traditional MPGDs with the low gain, low occupancy, and outstanding pattern recognition. Finally, some update parameters and experiments results were compared.
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The discovery of a SM Higgs boson at the LHC brought about great opportunity to investigate the feasibility of a Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) operating at center-of-mass energy of $sim 240$ GeV, as a Higgs factory, with designed luminosity of about $2times 10^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. The CEPC provides a much cleaner collision environment than the LHC, it is ideally suited for studying the properties of Higgs boson with greater precision. Another advantage of the CEPC over the LHC is that the Higgs boson can be detected through the recoil mass method by only reconstructing Z boson decay without examining the Higgs decays. In Concept Design Report(CDR), the circumference of CEPC is 100km, with two interaction points available for exploring different detector design scenarios and technologies. The baseline design of CEPC detector is an ILD-like concept, with a superconducting solenoid of 3.0 Tesla surrounding the inner silicon detector, TPC tracker detector and the calorimetry system. Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) have been extensively studied and used in many fields, especially in particle physics experiments, including STAR and ALICE. The TPC detector will operate in continuous mode on the circular machine. To fulfill the physics goals of the future circular collider and meet Higgs/$Z$ run, a TPC with excellent performance is required. We have proposed and investigated the ions controlling performance of a novel configuration detector module. The aim of this study is to suppress ion backflow ($IBF$) continually. In this paper, some update results of the feasibility and limitation on TPC detector technology R$&$D will be given using the hybrid gaseous detector module.
The conceptual design study of a Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider (FCC-hh) with a center-of-mass energy of the order of 100 TeV, assumed to be constructed in a new tunnel of 80-100 km circumference, includes the determination of the basic requirements for its detectors. A superconducting solenoid magnet of 12-m-diameter inner bore with the central magnetic flux density of 6 T, in combination with two superconducting dipole magnets and two conventional toroid magnets is proposed for an FCC-hh experimental setup. The coil of 23.468 m length has seven 3.35-m-long modules included into one cryostat. The steel yoke with a mass of 22.6 kt consists of two barrel layers of 0.5 m radial thickness and a 0.7-m-thick nose disk and four 0.6-m-thick end-cap disks each side. The outer diameter of the yoke is 17.7 m. The full length of the magnetic system is 62.6 m. The air gaps between the end-cap disks provide for the installation of the muon chambers up to an absolute pseudorapidity about 2.7. The superconducting dipole magnets provide measurement of charged particle momenta in the absolute pseudorapidity region greater than 3. The conventional forward muon spectrometer allows muon identification in the absolute pseudorapidity region from 2.7 to 5. The magnet is modeled with the program TOSCA from Cobham CTS Limited. The total current in the superconducting solenoid coil is 123 MA-turns; the stored energy is 41.8 GJ. The axial force acting on each end-cap is 450 MN. The stray field is 13.7 mT at a radius of 50 m from the coil axis, and 5.2 mT at a radius of 100 m. Many other parameters are presented and discussed.
In this paper the PreAmplifier ShAper (PASA) for the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the ALICE experiment at LHC is presented. The ALICE TPC PASA is an ASIC that integrates 16 identical channels, each consisting of Charge Sensitive Amplifiers (CSA) followed by a Pole-Zero network, self-adaptive bias network, two second-order bridged-T filters, two non-inverting level shifters and a start-up circuit. The circuit is optimized for a detector capacitance of 18-25 pF. For an input capacitance of 25 pF, the PASA features a conversion gain of 12.74 mV/fC, a peaking time of 160 ns, a FWHM of 190 ns, a power consumption of 11.65 mW/ch and an equivalent noise charge of 244e + 17e/pF. The circuit recovers smoothly to the baseline in about 600 ns. An integral non-linearity of 0.19% with an output swing of about 2.1 V is also achieved. The total area of the chip is 18 mm$^2$ and is implemented in AMSs C35B3C1 0.35 micron CMOS technology. Detailed characterization test were performed on about 48000 PASA circuits before mounting them on the ALICE TPC front-end cards. After more than two years of operation of the ALICE TPC with p-p and Pb-Pb collisions, the PASA has demonstrated to fulfill all requirements.
This article reports the first operation of a double-sided CMOS pixelated ladder in a collider experiment, namely in the inner tracker volume of the Belle II experiment during the Phase 2 run of the SuperKEKB collider. Design and integration of the detector system in the experiment interaction region is first described. The two modules operated almost continuously during slightly more than four months, recording data for the monitoring of the hit rate close to beams. Details of the off-line data analysis are provided and a method to estimate particle momentum from the 2 hits measured per crossing particle is proposed.
Simulations for the 125-GeV Higgs Factory (HF) Muon Collider (MC) have shown large background particle loads on the collider detector. To verify level, source and composition of background calculations were performed using FLUKA and MARS codes for two shielding configurations. After comprehensive tuning of muon beam parameters, geometry setups and scoring procedures, background particle distributions at the detector entrance were simulated and compared. The spatial distributions and energy spectra of background particles obtained by two codes are rather similar. Average numbers of background particles simulated using MARS and FLUKA agree within a factor of two.
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