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Register a new userSome $q$-supercongruences modulo the square and cube of a cyclotomic polynomial
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Two $q$-supercongruences of truncated basic hypergeometric series containing two free parameters are established by employing specific identities for basic hypergeometric series. The results partly extend two $q$-supercongruences that were earlier conjectured by the same authors and involve $q$-supercongruences modulo the square and the cube of a cyclotomic polynomial. One of the newly proved $q$-supercongruences is even conjectured to hold modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial.
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We prove a two-parameter family of $q$-hypergeometric congruences modulo the fourth power of a cyclotomic polynomial. Crucial ingredients in our proof are George Andrews multiseries extension of the Watson transformation, and a Karlsson--Minton type summation for very-well-poised basic hypergeometric series due to George Gasper. The new family of $q$-congruences is then used to prove two conjectures posed earlier by the authors.
By means of the $q$-Zeilberger algorithm, we prove a basic hypergeometric supercongruence modulo the fifth power of the cyclotomic polynomial $Phi_n(q)$. This result appears to be quite unique, as in the existing literature so far no basic hypergeometric supercongruences modulo a power greater than the fourth of a cyclotomic polynomial have been proved. We also establish a couple of related results, including a parametric supercongruence.
Let $E_n$ be the $n$-th Euler number and $(a)_n=a(a+1)cdots (a+n-1)$ the rising factorial. Let $p>3$ be a prime. In 2012, Sun proved the that $$ sum^{(p-1)/2}_{k=0}(-1)^k(4k+1)frac{(frac{1}{2})_k^3}{k!^3} equiv p(-1)^{(p-1)/2}+p^3E_{p-3} pmod{p^4}, $$ which is a refinement of a famous supercongruence of Van Hamme. In 2016, Chen, Xie, and He established the following result: $$ sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1)^k (3k+1)frac{(frac{1}{2})_k^3}{k!^3} 2^{3k} equiv p(-1)^{(p-1)/2}+p^3E_{p-3} pmod{p^4}, $$ which was originally conjectured by Sun. In this paper we give $q$-analogues of the above two supercongruences by employing the $q$-WZ method. As a conclusion, we provide a $q$-analogue of the following supercongruence of Sun: $$ sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}frac{(frac{1}{2})_k^2}{k!^2} equiv (-1)^{(p-1)/2}+p^2 E_{p-3} pmod{p^3}. $$
The scaled inverse of a nonzero element $a(x)in mathbb{Z}[x]/f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is an irreducible polynomial over $mathbb{Z}$, is the element $b(x)in mathbb{Z}[x]/f(x)$ such that $a(x)b(x)=c pmod{f(x)}$ for the smallest possible positive integer scale $c$. In this paper, we investigate the scaled inverse of $(x^i-x^j)$ modulo cyclotomic polynomial of the form $Phi_{p^s}(x)$ or $Phi_{p^s q^t}(x)$, where $p, q$ are primes with $p<q$ and $s, t$ are positive integers. Our main results are that the coefficient size of the scaled inverse of $(x^i-x^j)$ is bounded by $p-1$ with the scale $p$ modulo $Phi_{p^s}(x)$, and is bounded by $q-1$ with the scale not greater than $q$ modulo $Phi_{p^s q^t}(x)$. Previously, the analogous result on cyclotomic polynomials of the form $Phi_{2^n}(x)$ gave rise to many lattice-based cryptosystems, especially, zero-knowledge proofs. Our result provides more flexible choice of cyclotomic polynomials in such cryptosystems. Along the way of proving the theorems, we also prove several properties of ${x^k}_{kinmathbb{Z}}$ in $mathbb{Z}[x]/Phi_{pq}(x)$ which might be of independent interest.
Inspired by the recent work on $q$-congruences and the quadratic summation formula of Rahman, we provide some new $q$-supercongruences. By taking $qto 1$ in one of our results, we obtain a new Ramanujan-type supercongruence, which has the same right-hand side as Van Hammes (G.2) supercongruence for $pequiv 1 pmod 4$. We also formulate some related challenging conjectures on supercongruences and $q$-supercongruences.
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