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Register a new userFrames over finite fields: Equiangular lines in orthogonal geometry
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We investigate equiangular lines in finite orthogonal geometries, focusing specifically on equiangular tight frames (ETFs). In parallel with the known correspondence between real ETFs and strongly regular graphs (SRGs) that satisfy certain parameter constraints, we prove that ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries are closely aligned with a modular generalization of SRGs. The constraints in our finite field setting are weaker, and all but~18 known SRG parameters on $v leq 1300$ vertices satisfy at least one of them. Applying our results to triangular graphs, we deduce that Gerzons bound is attained in finite orthogonal geometries of infinitely many dimensions. We also demonstrate connections with real ETFs, and derive necessary conditions for ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries. As an application, we show that Gerzons bound cannot be attained in a finite orthogonal geometry of dimension~5.
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We introduce the study of frames and equiangular lines in classical geometries over finite fields. After developing the basic theory, we give several examples and demonstrate finite field analogs of equiangular tight frames (ETFs) produced by modular difference sets, and by translation and modulation operators. Using the latter, we prove that Gerzons bound is attained in each unitary geometry of dimension $d = 2^{2l+1}$ over the field $mathbb{F}_{3^2}$. We also investigate interactions between complex ETFs and those in finite unitary geometries, and we show that every complex ETF implies the existence of ETFs with the same size over infinitely many finite fields.
We say that $M$ and $S$ form a textsl{splitting} of $G$ if every nonzero element $g$ of $G$ has a unique representation of the form $g=ms$ with $min M$ and $sin S$, while $0$ has no such representation. The splitting is called {it nonsingular} if $gcd(|G|, a) = 1$ for any $ain M$. In this paper, we focus our study on nonsingular splittings of cyclic groups. We introduce a new notation --direct KM logarithm and we prove that if there is a prime $q$ such that $M$ splits $mathbb{Z}_q$, then there are infinitely many primes $p$ such that $M$ splits $mathbb{Z}_p$.
In this short note, we study the distribution of spreads in a point set $mathcal{P} subseteq mathbb{F}_q^d$, which are analogous to angles in Euclidean space. More precisely, we prove that, for any $varepsilon > 0$, if $|mathcal{P}| geq (1+varepsilon) q^{lceil d/2 rceil}$, then $mathcal{P}$ generates a positive proportion of all spreads. We show that these results are tight, in the sense that there exist sets $mathcal{P} subset mathbb{F}_q^d$ of size $|mathcal{P}| = q^{lceil d/2 rceil}$ that determine at most one spread.
An orthomorphism over a finite field $mathbb{F}_q$ is a permutation $theta:mathbb{F}_qmapstomathbb{F}_q$ such that the map $xmapstotheta(x)-x$ is also a permutation of $mathbb{F}_q$. The degree of an orthomorphism of $mathbb{F}_q$, that is, the degree of the associated reduced permutation polynomial, is known to be at most $q-3$. We show that this upper bound is achieved for all prime powers $q otin{2, 3, 5, 8}$. We do this by finding two orthomorphisms in each field that differ on only three elements of their domain. Such orthomorphisms can be used to construct $3$-homogeneous Latin bitrades.
For certain real quadratic fields $K$ with sufficiently small discriminant we produce explicit unit generators for specific ray class fields of $K$ using a numerical method that arose in the study of complete sets of equiangular lines in $mathbb{C}^d$ (known in quantum information as symmetric informationally complete measurements or SICs). The construction in low dimensions suggests a general recipe for producing unit generators in infinite towers of ray class fields above arbitrary real quadratic $K$, and we summarise this in a conjecture. There are indications [19,20] that the logarithms of these canonical units are related to the values of $L$-functions associated to the extensions, following the programme laid out in the Stark Conjectures.
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