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Register a new userConstructing Hyperbolic Metamaterials with Arbitrary Medium
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Recent advances in hyperbolic metamaterials have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of manipulating light propagation. However, the unusual electromagnetic properties also put extremely high demands on its compositional materials. Limited by the finite relative permittivity of the natural materials, the effective permittivity of the constructed hyperbolic metamaterials is also confined to a narrow range. Here, based on the proposed concept of structure-induced spoof surface plasmon, we prove that arbitrary materials can be selected to construct the hyperbolic metamaterials with independent relative effective permittivity components. Besides, the theoretical achievable ranges of the relative effective permittivity components are unlimited. As proofs of the method, three novel hyperbolic metamaterials are designed with their functionalities validated numerically and experimentally by specified directional propagation. To further illustrate the superiority of the method, an all-metal low-loss hyperbolic metamaterial filled with air is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed methodology effectively reduces the design requirement for hyperbolic metamaterials and provides new ideas for the scenarios where large permittivity coverage is needed such as microwave and terahertz focus, super-resolution imaging, electromagnetic cloaking, and so on.
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Controlling light propagation using artificial photonic crystals and electromagnetic metamaterials is an important topic in the vibrant field of photonics. Notably, chiral edge states on the surface or at the interface of photonic Chern insulators can be used to make reflection-free waveguides. Here, by both theoretical analysis and electromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that gyromagnetic hyperbolic metamaterials (GHM) are photonic Chern insulators with superior properties. As a novel mechanism, the simultaneous occurrence of the hyperbolic and gyromagnetic effects in these metamaterials is shown to open the large topological band gaps with gap Chern number of one. Importantly, unlike many other photonic Chern insulators, the GHM Chern insulators possess non-radiative chiral edge modes on their surfaces, and thus allow to fabricate unidirectional waveguides without cladding metals which generally incurr considerable Ohmic loss. Furthermore, the photonic edge states in the proposed Chern insulators are robust against disorder on a wide range of length scales, in strong contrast to crystalline topological insulators, and the light flow direction on the surface of the Chern insulators can be easily flipped by switching the direction of an applied magnetic field. Fascinatingly, we find that negative refraction of the topological surface wave occurs at the boundary between the GHMs with the opposite signs of gyromagnetic parameters. Finally, we show that compared with other photonic topological materials such as chiral hyperbolic materials, the present GHM Chern insulators can be much easier to fabricate.
In recent years significant efforts have been made to design and fabricate functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications based on the control of light matter interaction at the nanometer scale. Among many other artificial materials, hyperbolic dispersion metamaterials allow to access unprecedented physical effects and mechanisms due to the extreme anisotropy of their optical constants. The unbound isofrequency surface of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) enable the possibility to support a virtually infinite density of states and ultra-high confinement of electromagnetic fields, allowing perfect absorption of light and extreme sensing properties. Optical sensor technology based on plasmonic metamaterials offers significant opportunities in the field of clinical diagnostics, particularly for the detection of low-molecular-weight biomolecules in highly diluted solutions. In this context, we present a computational effort to engineer a biosensing platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials, supporting highly confined bulk plasmon modes integrated with out-of-plane chiral metasurfaces. The role of the helicoidal chiral metasurface is manifold: i) as a diffractive element to increase the momentum of the incoming light to excite the plasmon sensing modes with linearly and circularly polarized light; ii) as out-of-plane extended sensing surface to capture target analytes away from the substrate thereby the diffusion limit; iii) as a plamonic chiral nanostructure with enhanced sensing performance over circularly polarized reflectance light.
We propose a novel mechanism for designing quantum hyperbolic metamaterials with use of semi-conductor Bragg mirrors containing periodically arrangedquantum wells. The hyperbolic dispersion of exciton-polariton modes is realized near the top of the first allowed photonic miniband in such structure which leads to formation of exciton-polariton X-waves. Exciton-light coupling provides a resonant non-linearity which leads to non-trivial topologic solutions. We predict formation of low amplitude spatially localized oscillatory structures: oscillons described by kink shaped solutions of the effective Ginzburg-Landau-Higgs equation. The oscillons have direct analogies in the gravita-tional theory. We discuss implementation of exciton-polariton Higgs fields for the Schrodinger cat state generation.
The implementation of hyperbolic metamaterials as component in optical waveguides, semiconductor light emitters and solar cells has been limited by the inherent loss in the metallic layers. The features of a hyperbolic metamaterial arise by the presence of alternating metal and a dielectric layers. This work proposes that the deleterious loss characteristic of metal-based hyperbolic metamaterials can be minimized by employing a III-nitride superlattice wherein a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) functions as the metallic layer.
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are highly anisotropic optical materials that behave as metals or as dielectrics depending on the direction of propagation of light. They are becoming essential for a plethora of applications, ranging from aerospace to automotive, from wireless to medical and IoT. These applications often work in harsh environments or may sustain remarkable external stresses. This calls for materials that show enhanced optical properties as well as tailorable mechanical properties. Depending on their specific use, both hard and ultrasoft materials could be required, although the combination with optical hyperbolic response is rarely addressed. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to combine optical hyperbolicity and tunable mechanical properties in the same (meta)material, focusing on the case of extreme mechanical hardness. Using high-throughput calculations from first principles and effective medium theory, we explored a large class of layered materials with hyperbolic optical activity in the near-IR and visible range, and we identified a reduced number of ultrasoft and hard HMMs among more than 1800 combinations of transition metal rocksalt crystals. Once validated by the experiments, this new class of metamaterials may foster previously unexplored optical/mechanical applications.
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