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Register a new userFemtoscopy of the Origin of the Nucleon Mass
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We study the prospects of using femtoscopic low-momentum correlation measurements at the Large Hadron Collider to access properties of the J/psi-nucleon interaction. The QCD multipole expansion in terms of the J/psi chromopolarizability relates the forward scattering amplitude to a key matrix element to the origin of the nucleon mass problem, the average chromoelectric gluon distribution in the nucleon. We use information on the J/psi-nucleon interaction provided by lattice QCD simulations and phenomenological models to compute J/psi-nucleon correlation functions. The computed correlation functions show clear sensitivity to the interaction, in particular to the J/psi chromopolarizability.
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We investigate the two-dimensional transverse charge distributions of the transversely polarized nucleon. As the longitudinal momentum ($P_z$) of the nucleon increases, the electric dipole moment is induced, which causes the displacement of the transverse charge and magnetization distributions of the nucleon. The induced dipole moment of the proton reaches its maximum value at around $P_z approx 3.2$ GeV due to the kinematical reason. We also investigate how the Abel transformations map the three-dimensional charge and magnetization distributions in the Breit frame on to the transverse charge and magnetization ones in the infinite momentum frame.
We investigate the two-dimensional energy-momentum-tensor (EMT) distributions of the nucleon on the light front, using the Abel transforms of the three-dimensional EMT ones. We explicitly show that the main features of all EMT distributions are kept intact in the course of the Abel transform. We also examine the equivalence between the global and local conditions for the nucleon stability in the three-dimensional Breit frame and in the two-dimensional transverse plane on the light front. We also discuss the two-dimensional force fields inside a nucleon on the light front.
We investigate the strong force fields and stabilities of the nucleon and the singly heavy baryon $Sigma_c$ within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. Having constructed the pion mean fields in the presence of the $N_c-1$ level quarks self-consistently, we are able to examine the gravitational form factors of $Sigma_c$. We mainly focus in the present work on the stability conditions for both the nucleon and $Sigma_c$ and discuss the strong force fields and their physical implications. We also present the results for the gravitational form factors and relevant observables, emphasising the difference between the nucleon and $Sigma_c$.
With discovery of the Higgs boson, science has located the source for $lesssim 2$% of the mass of visible matter. The focus of attention can now shift to the search for the origin of the remaining $gtrsim 98$%. The instruments at work here must be capable of simultaneously generating the 1 GeV mass-scale associated with the nucleon and ensuring that this mass-scale is completely hidden in the chiral-limit pion. This hunt for an understanding of the emergence of hadronic mass (EHM) has actually been underway for many years. What is changing are the impacts of QCD-related theory, through the elucidation of clear signals for EHM in hadron observables, and the ability of modern and planned experimental facilities to access these observables. These developments are exemplified in a discussion of the evolving understanding of pion and kaon parton distributions.
The basic principles of the correlation femtoscopy, including its correspondence to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, are re-examined. The main subject of the paper is an analysis of the correlation femtoscopy when the source size is as small as the order of the uncertainty limit. It is about 1 fm for the current high energy experiments. Then the standard femtoscopy model of random sources is inapplicable. The uncertainty principle leads to the partial indistinguishability and coherence of closely located emitters that affect the observed femtoscopy scales. In thermal systems the role of corresponding coherent length is taken by the thermal de Broglie wavelength that also defines the size of a single emitter. The formalism of partially coherent phases in the amplitudes of closely located individual emitters is used for the quantitative analysis. The general approach is illustrated analytically for the case of the Gaussian approximation for emitting sources. A reduction of the interferometry radii and a suppression of the Bose-Einstein correlation functions for small sources due to the uncertainty principle are found. There is a positive correlation between the source size and the intercept of the correlation function. The peculiarities of the non-femtoscopic correlations caused by minijets and fluctuations of the initial states of the systems formed in $pp$ and $e^+e^-$ collisions are also analyzed. The factorization property for the contributions of femtoscopic and non-femtoscopic correlations into complete correlation function is observed in numerical calculations in a wide range of the model parameters.
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