No Arabic abstract
The search for renormalization group invariant relations among parameters to all orders in perturbation theory constitutes the basis of the reduction of couplings concept. Reduction of couplings can be achieved in certain $N=1$ supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories and few of them can become even finite at all loops. We review the basic idea, the tools that have been developed as well as the resulting theories in which successful reduction of couplings has been achieved so far. These include: (i) a reduced version of the minimal $N = 1$ $SU(5)$ model, (ii) an all-loop finite $N = 1$ $SU(5)$ model, (iii) a two-loop finite $N = 1$ $SU(3)^3$ model and finally (vi) a reduced version of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. In this paper we present a number of benchmark scenarios for each model and investigate their observability at existing and future hadron colliders. The heavy supersymmetric spectra featured by each of the above models are found to be beyond the reach of the 14 TeV HL-LHC. It is also found that the reduced version of the MSSM is already ruled out by the LHC searches for heavy neutral MSSM Higgs bosons. In turn the discovery potential of the 100 TeV FCC-hh is investigated and found that large parts of the predicted spectrum of these models can be tested, but the higher mass regions are beyond the reach even of the FCC-hh.
We consider QCD tbar{t}gamma and tbar{t}Z production at hadron colliders as a tool to measure the ttgamma and ttZ couplings. At the Tevatron it may be possible to perform a first, albeit not very precise, test of the ttgamma vector and axial vector couplings in tbar{t}gamma production, provided that more than 5 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity are accumulated. The tbar{t}Z cross section at the Tevatron is too small to be observable. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) it will be possible to probe the ttgamma couplings at the few percent level, which approaches the precision which one hopes to achieve with a next-generation e^+e^- linear collider. The LHCs capability of associated QCD tbar{t}V (V=gamma, Z) production has the added advantage that the ttgamma and ttZ couplings are not entangled. For an integrated luminosity of 300 fb^{-1}, the ttZ vector (axial vector) coupling can be determined with an uncertainty of 45-85% (15-20%), whereas the dimension-five dipole form factors can be measured with a precision of 50-55%. The achievable limits improve typically by a factor of 2-3 for the luminosity-upgraded (3 ab^{-1}) LHC.
The International Linear Collider (ILC) will be able to precisely measure the electroweak couplings of the top in e+e- -> tt~. We compare the limits which can be achieved at the ILC with those which can be obtained in tt~gamma$ and tt~Z production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
We discuss possibilities to measure the tt-gamma and ttZ couplings at hadron and lepton colliders. We also briefly describe how these measurements can be used to constrain the parameter space of models of new physics, in particular Little Higgs models.
The top quark flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) processes are extremely suppressed within the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. However, they could be enhanced in a new physics model Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The top quark FCNC interactions would be a good test of new physics at present and future colliders. Within the framework of the BSM models, these interactions can be described by an effective Lagrangian. In this work, we study tqgamma and tqZ effective FCNC interaction vertices through the process e-p->e-Wq+X at future electron proton colliders, projected as Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) and Future Circular Collider-hadron electron (FCC-he). The cross sections for the signal have been calculated for different values of parameters lambda_q for tqgamma vertices and kappa_q for $tqZ$ vertices. Taking into account the relevant background we estimate the attainable range of signal parameters as a function of the integrated luminosity and present contour plots of couplings for different significance levels including detector simulation.
The $h(125)$ boson, discovered only in 2012, is lower than the top quark in mass, hence $t to ch$ search commenced immediately thereafter, with current limits at the per mille level and improving. As the $t to ch$ rate vanishes with the $h$-$H$ mixing angle $cosgamma to 0$, we briefly review the collider probes of the top changing $tcH/tcA$ coupling $rho_{tc}$ of the exotic $CP$-even/odd Higgs bosons $H/A$. Together with an extra top conserving $ttH/ttA$ coupling $rho_{tt}$, one has an enhanced $cbH^+$ coupling alongside the familiar $tbH^+$ coupling, where $H^+$ is the charged Higgs boson. The main processes we advocate are $cg to tH/A to ttbar c,; ttbar t$ (same-sign top and triple-top), and $cg to bH^+ to btbar b$. We also discuss some related processes such as $cg to thh$, $tZH$ that depend on $cosgamma$ being nonzero, comment briefly on $gg to H/A to tbar t, tbar c$ resonant production, and touch upon the $rho_{tu}$ coupling.