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Register a new userThermodynamics of Eliashberg theory in the weak-coupling limit
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The weak-coupling limits of the gap and critical temperature computed within Eliashberg theory surprisingly deviate from the BCS theory predictions by a factor of $1/sqrt{e}$. Interestingly, however, the ratio of these two quantities agrees for both theories. Motivated by this result, here we investigate the weak-coupling thermodynamics of Eliashberg theory, with a central focus on the free energy, specific heat, and the critical magnetic field. In particular, we numerically calculate the difference between the superconducting and normal-state specific heats, and we find that this quantity differs from its BCS counterpart by a factor of $1/sqrt{e}$, for all temperatures below $T_{c}$. We find that the dimensionless ratio of the specific-heat discontinuity to the normal-state specific heat reduces to the BCS prediction given by $Delta C_{V}(T_{c})/C_{V,n}(T_c)approx1.43$. This gives further evidence to the expectation that all dimensionless ratios tend to their universal values in the weak-coupling limit.
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It is shown that the famous Allen -- Dynes asymtotic limit for superconducting transition temperature in very strong coupling region $T_{c}>frac{1}{2pi}sqrt{lambda}Omega_0$ (where $lambdagg 1$ - is Eliashberg - McMillan electron - phonon coupling constant and $Omega_0$ - the characteristic frequency of phonons) in antiadiabatic limit of Eliashberg equations $Omega_0/Dgg 1$ ($Dsim E_F$ is conduction band half-width and $E_F$ is Fermi energy) is replaced by $T_c>(2pi^4)^{-1/3}(lambda DOmega_0^2)^{1/3}$, with the upper limit for $T_c$ given by $T_c<frac{2}{pi^2}lambda D$.
We study the normal-state and superconducting properties of NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$As system by specific heat measurements. Both the normal-state Sommerfeld coefficient and superconducting condensation energy are strongly suppressed in the underdoped and heavily overdoped samples. The low-temperature electronic specific heat can be well fitted by either an one-gap or a two-gap BCS-type function for all the superconducting samples. The ratio $gamma_NT_c^2/H_c^2(0)$ can nicely associate the neutron spin resonance as the bosons in the standard Eliashberg model. However, the value of $Delta C/T_cgamma_N$ near optimal doping is larger than the maximum value the model can obtain. Our results suggest that the high-$T_c$ superconductivity in the Fe-based superconductors may be understood within the framework of boson-exchange mechanism but significant modification may be needed to account for the finite-temperature properties.
The standard Eliashberg - McMillan theory of superconductivity is essentially based on the adiabatic approximation. Here we present some simple estimates of electron - phonon interaction within Eliashberg - McMillan approach in non - adiabatic and even antiadiabatic situation, when characteristic phonon frequency $Omega_0$ becomes large enough, i.e. comparable or exceeding the Fermi energy $E_F$. We discuss the general definition of Eliashberg - McMillan (pairing) electron - phonon coupling constant $lambda$, taking into account the finite value of phonon frequencies. We show that the mass renormalization of electrons is in general determined by different coupling constant $tildelambda$, which takes into account the finite width of conduction band, and describes the smooth transition from the adiabatic regime to the region of strong nonadiabaticity. In antiadiabatic limit, when $Omega_0gg E_F$, the new small parameter of perturbation theory is $lambdafrac{E_F}{Omega_0}simlambdafrac{D}{Omega_0}ll 1$ ($D$ is conduction band half -- width), and corrections to electronic spectrum (mass renormalization) become irrelevant. However, the temperature of superconducting transition $T_c$ in antiadiabatic limit is still determined by Eliashberg - McMillan coupling constant $lambda$. We consider in detail the model with discrete set of (optical) phonon frequencies. A general expression for superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is derived, which is valid in situation, when one (or several) of such phonons becomes antiadiabatic. We also analyze the contribution of such phonons into the Coulomb pseudopotential $mu^{star}$ and show, that antiadiabatic phonons do not contribute to Tolmachevs logarithm and its value is determined by partial contributions from adiabatic phonons only.
The Eliashberg theory of superconductivity is based on a dynamical electron-phonon interaction as opposed to a static interaction present in BCS theory. The standard derivation of Eliashberg theory is based on an equation of motion approach, which incorporates certain approximations such as Migdals approximation for the pairing vertex. In this paper we provide a functional-integral-based derivation of Eliashberg theory and we also consider its Gaussian-fluctuation extension. The functional approach enables a self-consistent method of computing the mean-field equations, which arise as saddle-point conditions, and here we observe that the conventional Eliashberg self energy and pairing function both appear as Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations. An important consequence of this fact is that it provides a systematic derivation of the Cooper and density-channel interactions in the Gaussian fluctuation response. We also investigate the strong-coupling fluctuation diamagnetic susceptibility near the critical temperature.
The Eliashberg theory of superconductivity accounts for the fundamental physics of conventional electron-phonon superconductors, including the retardation of the interaction and the effect of the Coulomb pseudopotential, to predict the critical temperature $T_c$ and other properties. McMillan, Allen, and Dynes derived approximate closed-form expressions for the critical temperature predicted by this theory, which depends essentially on the electron-phonon spectral function $alpha^2F(omega)$, using $alpha^2F$ for low-$T_c$ superconductors. Here we show that modern machine learning techniques can substantially improve these formulae, accounting for more general shapes of the $alpha^2F$ function. Using symbolic regression and the sure independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO) framework, together with a database of artificially generated $alpha^2F$ functions, ranging from multimodal Einstein-like models to calculated spectra of polyhydrides, as well as numerical solutions of the Eliashberg equations, we derive a formula for $T_c$ that performs as well as Allen-Dynes for low-$T_c$ superconductors, and substantially better for higher-$T_c$ ones. The expression identified through our data-driven approach corrects the systematic underestimation of $T_c$ while reproducing the physical constraints originally outlined by Allen and Dynes. This equation should replace the Allen-Dynes formula for the prediction of higher-temperature superconductors and for the estimation of $lambda$ from experimental data.
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