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Register a new userA 60-kpc Galactic Wind Cone in NGC 3079
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Added by
Edmund Hodges-Kluck
Publication date
2020
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Galactic winds are associated with intense star formation and AGNs. Depending on their formation mechanism and velocity they may remove a significant fraction of gas from their host galaxies, thus suppressing star formation, enriching the intergalactic medium, and shaping the circumgalactic gas. However, the long-term evolution of these winds remains mostly unknown. We report the detection of a wind from NGC 3079 to at least 60 kpc from the galaxy. We detect the wind in FUV line emission to 60 kpc (as inferred from the broad FUV filter in GALEX) and in X-rays to at least 30~kpc. The morphology, luminosities, temperatures, and densities indicate that the emission comes from shocked material, and the O/Fe ratio implies that the X-ray emitting gas is enriched by Type II supernovae. If so, the speed inferred from simple shock models is about 500 km/s, which is sufficient to escape the galaxy. However, the inferred kinetic energy in the wind from visible components is substantially smaller than canonical hot superwind models.
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NGC4460 is an isolated lenticular galaxy, in which galactic wind has been earlier discovered as a gas outflow associated with circumnuclear regions of star formation. Using the results of observations in the Halpha line with the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer on the SAO RAS 6-m telescope, we studied the kinematics of the ionized gas in this galaxy. The parameters of gas outflow from the plane of the galactic disk were refined within a simple geometric model. We show that it is impossible to characterize the wind by a fixed velocity value. Characteristic outflow velocities are within 30..80 km/s , and they are insufficient to make the swept-out matter ultimately leave the galaxy.
Recent results from multi-wavelength observations of the inner few hundred pc of the Galactic center have added two new characteristics to the ISM in this unique region. One is the cosmic ray ionization rate derived from H$_3^+$ measurements is at least two orders of magnitudes higher than in the disk of the Galaxy. The other is the bipolar thermal X-ray and synchrotron emission from this region, suggesting a relic of past activity. We propose that the high cosmic ray pressure drives a large-scale wind away from the Galactic plane and produces the bipolar emission as well as highly blue-shifted diffuse gas detected in H$_3^+$ absorption studies. We then discuss the interaction of large-scale winds with a number of objects, such as cloudlets and stellar wind bubbles, to explain the unusual characteristics of the ISM in this region including the nonthermal radio filaments. One of the implications of this scenario is the removal of gas driven by outflowing winds may regulate star formation or black hole accretion.
Using hydrodynamical simulations, we show for the first time that an episode of star formation in the center of the Milky Way, with a star-formation-rate (SFR) $sim 0.5$ M$_odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for $sim 30$ Myr, can produce bubbles that resemble the Fermi Bubbles (FBs), when viewed from the solar position. The morphology, extent and multi-wavelength observations of FBs, especially X-rays, constrain various physical parameters such as SFR, age, and the circum-galactic medium (CGM) density. We show that the interaction of the CGM with the Galactic wind driven by a star formation in the central region can explain the observed surface brightness and morphological features of X-rays associated with the Fermi Bubbles. Furthermore, assuming that cosmic ray electrons are accelerated {it in situ} by shocks and/or turbulence, the brightness and morphology of gamma-ray emission and the microwave haze can be explained. The kinematics of the cold and warm clumps in our model also matches with recent observations of absorption lines through the bubbles.
Large-scale outflows are generally considered as a possible evidence that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can severely affect their host galaxies. Recently an ultraluminous IR galaxy (ULIRG) at $z=0.49$, AKARI J0916248+073034, was found to have a galaxy-scale [OIII] $lambda$5007 outflow with one of the highest energy-ejection rates at $z<1.6$. However, the central AGN activity estimated from its torus mid-IR (MIR) radiation is weak relative to the luminous [OIII] emission. In this work we report the first NuSTAR hard X-ray follow-up of this ULIRG to constrain its current AGN luminosity. The intrinsic 2-10 keV luminosity shows a 90% upper-limit of $3.0times10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$ assuming Compton-thick obscuration ($N_{rm H}=1.5times10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$), which is only 3.6% of the luminosity expected from the extinction corrected [OIII] luminosity. With the NuSTAR observation, we succeed to identify that this ULIRG has a most extreme case of X-ray deficit among local ULIRGs. A possible scenario to explain the drastic declining in both of the corona (X-ray) and torus (MIR) is that the primary radiation from the AGN accretion disk is currently in a fading status, as a consequence of a powerful nuclear wind suggested by its powerful ionized outflow in the galaxy scale.
The nearby galaxy NGC 3115 contains a known radio-emitting, low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN), and was recently claimed to host a candidate AGN displaced 14.3 pc from the galaxys optical photocenter. Our goal is to understand whether this represents a single offset AGN, an AGN in orbit around a central black hole, or something else. We present a new, sensitive (RMS = 4.4 $mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$) 10 GHz image, which finds evidence for only one AGN. We place a stringent limit on the radio luminosity of any secondary supermassive black hole of $L_{10~rm{GHz}}<5.8times10^{33}$ ergs/s. An analysis of the relative positioning of the radio core, X-ray nucleus, and stellar bulge in this galaxy indicate that the radio source is centrally located, and not offset from the galactic bulge. This provides an argument against a single offset AGN in NGC 3115, however does not provide conclusive evidence against the purported offset AGN as an in-spiralling secondary black hole.
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