No Arabic abstract
Concentration-compactness is used to prove compactness of maximising sequences for a variational problem governing symmetric steady vortex-pairs in a uniform planar ideal fluid flow, where the kinetic energy is to be maximised and the constraint set comprises the set of all equimeasurable rearrangements of a given function (representing vorticity) that have prescribed impulse (lnear momentum). A form of orbital stability is deduced.
The paper provides an extension, to fractional order Sobolev spaces, of the classical result of Murat and Brezis which states that the positive cone of elements in $H^{-1}(Omega)$ compactly embeds in $W^{-1,q}(Omega)$, for every $q < 2$ and for any open and bounded set $Omega$ with Lipschitz boundary. In particular, our proof contains the classical result. Several new analysis tools are developed during the course of the proof to our main result which are of wider interest. Subsequently, we apply our results to the convergence of convex sets and establish a fractional version of the Mosco convergence result of Boccardo and Murat. We conclude with an application of this result to quasi-variational inequalities.
We develop a functional framework suitable for the treatment of partial differential equations and variational problems posed on evolving families of Banach spaces. We propose a definition for the weak time derivative which does not rely on the availability of an inner product or Hilbertian structure and explore conditions under which the spaces of weakly differentiable functions (with values in an evolving Banach space) relate to the classical Sobolev--Bochner spaces. An Aubin--Lions compactness result in this setting is also proved. We then analyse several concrete examples of function spaces over time-evolving spatial domains and hypersurfaces for which we explicitly provide the definition of the time derivative and verify isomorphism properties with the aforementioned Sobolev--Bochner spaces. We conclude with the formulation and proof of well posedness for a class of nonlinear monotone problems on an abstract evolving space (generalising in particular the evolutionary $p$-Laplace equation on a moving domain or surface) and identify some additional evolutionary problems that can be appropriately formulated with the abstract setting developed in this work.
For $l$-homogeneous linear differential operators $mathcal{A}$ of constant rank, we study the implication $v_jrightharpoonup v$ in $X$ and $mathcal{A} v_jrightarrow mathcal{A} v$ in $W^{-l}Y$ implies $F(v_j)rightsquigarrow F(v)$ in $Z$, where $F$ is an $mathcal{A}$-quasiaffine function and $rightsquigarrow$ denotes an appropriate type of weak convergence. Here $Z$ is a local $L^1$-type space, either the space $mathscr{M}$ of measures, or $L^1$, or the Hardy space $mathscr{H}^1$; $X,, Y$ are $L^p$-type spaces, by which we mean Lebesgue or Zygmund spaces. Our conditions for each choice of $X,,Y,,Z$ are sharp. Analogous statements are also given in the case when $F(v)$ is not a locally integrable function and it is instead defined as a distribution. In this case, we also prove $mathscr{H}^p$-bounds for the sequence $(F(v_j))_j$, for appropriate $p<1$, and new convergence results in the dual of Holder spaces when $(v_j)$ is $mathcal{A}$-free and lies in a suitable negative order Sobolev space $W^{-beta,s}$. The choice of these Holder spaces is sharp, as is shown by the construction of explicit counterexamples. Some of these results are new even for distributional Jacobians.
This paper is devoted to stability estimates for the interaction energy with strictly radially decreasing interaction potentials, such as the Coulomb and Riesz potentials. For a general density function, we first prove a stability estimate in terms of the $L^1$ asymmetry of the density, extending some previous results by Burchard-Chambers, Frank-Lieb and Fusco-Pratelli for characteristic functions. We also obtain a stability estimate in terms of the 2-Wasserstein distance between the density and its radial decreasing rearrangement. Finally, we consider the special case of Newtonian potential, and address a conjecture by Guo on the stability for the Coulomb energy.
In this paper, we study desingularization of vortices for the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations in the full plane. We construct a family of steady vortex pairs for the Euler equations with a general vorticity function, which constitutes a desingularization of a pair of point vortices with equal magnitude and opposite signs. The results are obtained by using an improved vorticity method.