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Register a new userLattice QCD (focus on Charm and Beauty form factors, $R(D^*)$, $b$- & $c$-quark masses)
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Oliver Witzel
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We present an overview of state of the art lattice quantum chromodynamcis calculations for heavy-light quantities. Special focus is given to the calculation of form factors for semi-leptonic decays of $B_{(s)}$ and $D$ mesons, the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$ as well as the determination of $R(D^{(*)})$ testing the universality of lepton flavors in $bto c$ transitions. In addition we report on the determination of $b$ and $c$ quark masses as well as on neutral $B_{(s)}$ meson mixing. Recent results are summarized and new developments highlighted.
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We compute perturbative QCD corrections to $B to D$ form factors at leading power in $Lambda/m_b$, at large hadronic recoil, from the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) with $B$-meson distribution amplitudes in HQET. QCD factorization for the vacuum-to-$B$-meson correlation function with an interpolating current for the $D$-meson is demonstrated explicitly at one loop with the power counting scheme $m_c sim {cal O} left (sqrt{Lambda , m_b} right ) $. The jet functions encoding information of the hard-collinear dynamics in the above-mentioned correlation function are complicated by the appearance of an additional hard-collinear scale $m_c$, compared to the counterparts entering the factorization formula of the vacuum-to-$B$-meson correction function for the construction of $B to pi$ from factors. Inspecting the next-to-leading-logarithmic sum rules for the form factors of $B to D ell u$ indicates that perturbative corrections to the hard-collinear functions are more profound than that for the hard functions, with the default theory inputs, in the physical kinematic region. We further compute the subleading power correction induced by the three-particle quark-gluon distribution amplitudes of the $B$-meson at tree level employing the background gluon field approach. The LCSR predictions for the semileptonic $B to D ell u$ form factors are then extrapolated to the entire kinematic region with the $z$-series parametrization. Phenomenological implications of our determinations for the form factors $f_{BD}^{+, 0}(q^2)$ are explored by investigating the (differential) branching fractions and the $R(D)$ ratio of $B to D ell u$ and by determining the CKM matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ from the total decay rate of $B to D mu u_{mu}$.
We study the exclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays $Bto K(pi)ell^+ell^-$, $Bto K(pi) ubar u$, and $Btopitau u$, computing observables in the Standard model using the recent lattice-QCD results for the underlying form factors from the Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations. These processes provide theoretically clean windows into physics beyond the Standard Model because the hadronic uncertainties are now under good control for suitably binned observables. For example, the resulting partially integrated branching fractions for $Btopimu^+mu^-$ and $Bto Kmu^+mu^-$ outside the charmonium resonance region are 1-2$sigma$ higher than the LHCb Collaborations recent measurements, where the theoretical and experimental errors are commensurate. The combined tension is 1.7$sigma$. Combining the Standard-Model rates with LHCbs measurements yields values for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements $|V_{td}|=7.45{(69)}times10^{-3}$, $|V_{ts}|=35.7(1.5)times10^{-3}$, and $|V_{td}/V_{ts}|=0.201{(20)}$, which are compatible with the values obtained from neutral $B_{(s)}$-meson oscillations and have competitive uncertainties. Alternatively, taking the CKM matrix elements from unitarity, we constrain new-physics contributions at the electroweak scale. The constraints on the Wilson coefficients ${rm Re}(C_9)$ and ${rm Re}(C_{10})$ from $Btopimu^+mu^-$ and $Bto Kmu^+mu^-$ are competitive with those from $Bto K^* mu^+mu^-$, and display a 2.0$sigma$ tension with the Standard Model. Our predictions for $Bto K(pi) ubar u$ and $Btopitau u$ are close to the current experimental limits.
Applying the vacuum-to-$B$-meson correlation functions with an interpolating current for the light vector meson we construct the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) for the effective form factors $xi_{parallel}(n cdot p)$, $xi_{perp}(n cdot p)$, $Xi_{parallel}(tau, n cdot p)$ and $Xi_{perp}(tau, n cdot p)$, defined by the corresponding hadronic matrix elements in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), entering the leading-power factorization formulae for QCD form factors responsible for $B to V ell bar u_{ell}$ and $B to V ell bar ell$ decays at large hadronic recoil at next-to-leading-order in QCD. The light-quark mass effect for the local SCET form factors $xi_{parallel}(n cdot p)$ and $xi_{perp}(n cdot p)$ is also computed from the LCSR method with the $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude $phi_B^{+}(omega, mu)$ at ${cal O}(alpha_s)$. Furthermore, the subleading power corrections to $B to V$ form factors from the higher-twist $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes are also computed with the same method at tree level up to the twist-six accuracy. Having at our disposal the LCSR predictions for $B to V$ form factors, we further perform new determinations of the CKM matrix element $|V_{ub}|$ from the semileptonic $B to rho , ell , bar u_{ell}$ and $B to omega , ell , bar u_{ell}$ decays, and predict the normalized differential branching fractions and the $q^2$-binned $K^{ast}$ longitudinal polarization fractions of the exclusive rare $B to K^{ast} , u_{ell} , bar u_{ell}$ decays.
I discuss recent progress in lattice calculations of $B to D^{(*)} ell u$ form factors, important for the precision determination of $|V_{cb}|$ in the Standard Model (SM), and for testing SM expectations of lepton flavor universality in observables $R(D^{(*)})$. I also discuss progress in calculations of the related $b to c$ semileptonic decays $B_s to D_s^{(*)} ell u$ and $B_c to J/psi , ell u$ now experimentally accessible at the LHC.
The first lattice QCD calculation of the form factors governing $Lambda_c to Lambda ell^+ u_ell$ decays is reported. The calculation was performed with two different lattice spacings and includes one ensemble with a pion mass of 139(2) MeV. The resulting predictions for the $Lambda_c to Lambda e^+ u_e$ and $Lambda_c to Lambda mu^+ u_mu$ decay rates divided by $|V_{cs}|^2$ are $0.2007(71)(74):{rm ps}^{-1}$ and $0.1945(69)(72):{rm ps}^{-1}$, respectively, where the two uncertainties are statistical and systematic. Taking the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cs}|$ from a global fit and the $Lambda_c$ lifetime from experiments, this translates to branching fractions of $mathcal{B}(Lambda_ctoLambda e^+ u_e)=0.0380(19)_{rm LQCD::}(11)_{tau_{Lambda_c}}$ and $mathcal{B}(Lambda_ctoLambda mu^+ u_mu)=0.0369(19)_{rm LQCD::}(11)_{tau_{Lambda_c}}$. These results are consistent with, and two times more precise than, the measurements performed recently by the BESIII Collaboration. Using instead the measured branching fractions together with the lattice calculation to determine the CKM matrix element gives $|V_{cs}|= 0.949(24)_{rm LQCD::}(14)_{tau_{Lambda_c}}(49)_{mathcal{B}}$.
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