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Register a new userElectromagnetic Data Libraries: recent evolutions and new perspectives
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This paper summarizes the current status of the electromagnetic data libraries, reviews recent experimental validation results, highlights open issues and introduces new perspectives for the future of these data libraries taking shape in the context of INFN research. Special emphasis is given to the characteristics of reliability, transparency and openness, along with opportunities for the improvement and the extension of the physics content.
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The role of data libraries as a collaborative tool across Monte Carlo codes is discussed. Some new contributions in this domain are presented; they concern a data library of proton and alpha ionization cross sections, the development in progress of a data library of electron ionization cross sections and proposed improvements to the EADL (Evaluated Atomic Data Library), the latter resulting from an extensive data validation process.
The development of a package for the management of physics data is described: its design, implementation and computational benchmarks. This package improves the data management tools originally developed for Geant4 physics models based on the EADL, EEDL and EPDL97 data libraries. The implementation exploits recent evolutions of the C++ libraries appearing in the C++0x draft, which are intended for inclusion in the next C++ ISO Standard. The new tools improve the computational performance of physics data management.
The role of data libraries in Monte Carlo simulation is discussed. A number of data libraries currently in preparation are reviewed; their data are critically examined with respect to the state-of-the-art in the respective fields. Extensive tests with respect to experimental data have been performed for the validation of their content.
The development of a package for the management of physics data is described: its design, implementation and computational benchmarks. This package improves the data management tools originally developed for Geant4 physics models based on the EADL, EEDL and EPDL97 data libraries. The implementation exploits recent evolutions of the C++ libraries appearing in the C++0x draft, which are intended for inclusion in the next C++ ISO Standard. The new tools improve the computational performance of physics data management.
Colloidal model systems allow studying crystallization kinetics under fairly ideal conditions with rather well characterized pair interactions and minimized external influences. In complementary approaches therefore experiment, analytic theory and simulation have been employed to study colloidal solidification in great detail. These studies were based on advanced optical methods, careful system characterization and sophisticated numerical methods. Both the effects of the type, strength and range of the pair-interaction between the colloidal particles and those of the colloid-specific polydispersity were addressed in a quantitative way. Key parameters of crystallization were derived and compared to those of metal systems. These systematic investigations significantly contributed to an enhanced understanding of the crystallization processes in general. Further, new fundamental questions have arisen and (partially) been solved over the last decade including e.g. a two step nucleation mechanism in homogeneous nucleation, choice of the crystallization pathway or the subtle interplay of boundary conditions in heterogeneous nucleation. On the other side, via the application of both gradients and external fields the competition between different nucleation and growth modes can be controlled and the resulting micro-structure be influenced. The present review attempts an account of the interesting developments occurred since the turn of the millennium and an identification of important novel trends with particular focus on experimental aspects.
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