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Solitons in multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates have been paid much attention, due to the stability and wide applications of them. The exact soliton solutions are usually obtained for integrable models. In this paper, we present four families of exact spin soliton solutions for non-integrable cases in spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates. The whole particle density is uniform for the spin solitons, which is in sharp contrast to the previously reported solitons of integrable models. The spectrum stability analysis and numerical simulation indicate the spin solitons can exist stably. The spin density redistribution happens during the collision process, which depends on the relative phase and relative velocity between spin solitons. The non-integrable properties of the systems can bring spin solitons experience weak amplitude and location oscillations after collision. These stable spin soliton excitations could be used to study the negative inertial mass of solitons, the dynamics of soliton-impurity systems, and the spin dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates.
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A simple and efficient method to create gap solitons is proposed in a spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. We find that a free expansion along the spin-orbit coupling dimension can generate two moving gap solitons, which are identified from a generalized massive Thirring model. The dynamics of gap solitons can be controlled by adjusting spin-orbit coupling parameters.
Solitons play a fundamental role in dynamics of nonlinear excitations. Here we explore the motion of solitons in one-dimensional uniform Bose-Einstein condensates subjected to a spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We demonstrate that the spin dynamics of solitons is governed by a nonlinear Bloch equation. The spin dynamics influences the orbital motion of the solitons leading to the spin-orbit effects in the dynamics of the macroscopic quantum objects (mean-field solitons). The latter perform oscillations with a frequency determined by the SOC, Raman coupling, and intrinsic nonlinearity. These findings reveal unique features of solitons affected by the SOC, which is confirmed by analytical considerations and numerical simulations of the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii equations.
The spinor dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb atoms with hyperfine spins 1 and 2 were investigated. A technique of simultaneous Ramsey interferometry was developed for individual control of the vectors of two spins with almost the same Zeeman splittings. The mixture of spinor condensates is generated in the transversely polarized spin-1 and the longitudinally polarized spin-2 states. The time evolution of the spin-1 condensate exhibits dephasing and rephasing of the Larmor precession due to the interaction with the spin-2 condensate. The scattering lengths between spin-1 and -2 atoms were estimated by comparison with the numerical simulation using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The proposed technique is expected to facilitate the further study of multiple spinor condensates.
We studied spin-dependent two-body inelastic collisions in F=2 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates both experimentally and theoretically. The 87Rb condensates were confined in an optical trap and selectively prepared in various spin states in the F=2 manifold at a magnetic field of 3.0 G. Measured atom loss rates are found to depend on spin states of colliding atoms. We measured two fundamental loss coefficients for two-body inelastic collisions with the total spin of 0 and 2; the coefficients determine loss rates for all the spin pairs. The experimental results for mixtures of all the spin combinations are in good agreement with numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations that include the effect of a magnetic field gradient.
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