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Register a new userAnalysis of $^{83m}$Kr Prompt Scintillation Signals in the PIXeY Detector
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Prompt scintillation signals from $^{83m}$Kr calibration sources are a useful metric to calibrate the spatial variation of light collection efficiency and electric field magnitude of a two phase liquid-gas xenon time projection chamber. Because $^{83m}$Kr decays in two steps, there are two prompt scintillation pulses for each calibration event, denoted S1a and S1b. We study the ratio of S1b to S1a signal sizes in the Particle Identification in Xenon at Yale (PIXeY) experiment and its dependence on the time separation between the two signals ($Delta t$), notably its increase at low $Delta t$. In PIXeY data, the $Delta t$ dependence of S1b/S1a is observed to exhibit two exponential components: one with a time constant of $0.05 pm 0.02mu s$, which can be attributed to processing effects and pulse overlap and one with a time constant of $10.2 pm 2.2mu s$ that increases in amplitude with electric drift field, the origin of which is not yet understood.
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We report the preparation of a Kr-83m source and its subsequent use in calibrating a liquid xenon detector. Kr-83m atoms were produced through the decay of Rb-83 atoms trapped in zeolite molecular sieve and were then introduced into liquid xenon. Decaying Kr-83m nuclei were detected through liquid xenon scintillation. Conversion electrons with energies of 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV from the decay of Kr-83m were both observed. This calibration source will allow the characterization of the scintillation and ionization response of noble liquid detectors at low energies, highly valuable for the search for WIMP dark matter. Kr-83m may also be useful for measuring fluid flow dynamics, both to understand purification in noble liquid-based particle detectors, as well as for studies of classical and quantum turbulence in superfluid helium.
The NEXT-White (NEW) detector is currently the largest radio-pure high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber with electroluminescent readout in the world. NEXT-White has been operating at Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC) since October 2016. This paper describes the calibrations performed with $^{83m}mathrm{Kr}$ decays during a long run taken from March to November 2017 (Run II). Krypton calibrations are used to correct for the finite drift-electron lifetime as well as for the dependence of the measured energy on the event position which is mainly caused by variations in solid angle coverage. After producing calibration maps to correct for both effects we measure an excellent energy resolution for 41.5 keV point-like deposits of (4.553 $pm$ 0.010 (stat.) $pm$ 0.324 (sys.)) % FWHM in the full chamber and (3.804 $pm$ 0.013 (stat.) $pm$ 0.112 (sys.)) % FWHM in a restricted fiducial volume. Using naive 1/$sqrt{E}$ scaling, these values translate into resolutions of (0.516 $pm$ 0.0014 (stat.) $pm$ 0.0421 (sys.)) % FWHM and (0.4943 $pm$ 0.0017 (stat.) $pm$ 0.0146 (sys.)) % FWHM at the $Q_{betabeta}$ energy of xenon double beta decay (2458 keV), well within range of our target value of 1%.
In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometers excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %.
We performed a time-resolved spectroscopic study of the VUV/UV argon scintillation as a function of pressure and electric field, by means of a wavelength sensitive detector operated with different radioactive sources. Our work conveys new evidence of distinctive features of the argon light which are in contrast with the general assumption that, for particle detection purposes, the scintillation can be considered to be largely monochromatic at 128 nm (second continuum). The wavelength and the time-resolved analysis of the photon emission reveal that the dominant component of the argon scintillation during first tens of ns is in the range [160, 325] nm. This light is consistent with the third continuum emission from highly charged argon ions/molecules. This component of the scintillation is field-independent up to 25 V/cm/bar and shows a very mild dependence with pressure in the range [1,16] bar. The dynamics of the second continuum emission is dominated by the excimer formation time, whose variation as a function of the pressure has been measured. Additionally, the time and pressure-dependent features of electron-ion recombination, in the second continuum band, have been measured. This study opens new paths toward a novel particle identification technique based on the spectral information of the noble-elements scintillation light.
Dual phase xenon detectors are widely used in experimental searches for galactic darkmatter particles. The origin of single electron backgrounds following prompt scintillation and proportional scintillation signals in these detectors is not fully understood, although there has been progress in recent years. In this paper, we describe single electron backgrounds in ${}^{83m}Kr$ calibration events and their correlation with drift and extraction fields, using the Particle Identification in Xenon at Yale (PIXeY) dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. The single electron background induced by the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) effect is measured, and its electric field dependence is quantified. The photoionization of grids and impurities by prompt scintillation and proportional scintillation also contributes to the single electron background.
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