No Arabic abstract
In this work, the two-photon-exchange (TPE) effects in $eprightarrow enpi^+$ at small $-t$ are discussed within a hadronic model. The TPE contributions to the amplitude and the unpolarized differential cross section are both estimated and we find that the TPE corrections to the unpolarized differential cross section are about $-4%sim-15%$ at $Q^2=1$GeV$^2sim1.6$GeV$^2$. After considering the TPE corrections to the experimental data sets of unpolarized differential cross section, we analyse the TPE corrections to the separated cross sections $sigma_{textrm{L,T,LT,TT}}$. We find that the TPE corrections (at $Q^2=1$GeV$^2sim1.6$GeV$^2$) to $sigma_{textrm{L}}$ are about $-10%sim -20%$, to $sigma_{textrm{T}}$ are about $20%$ and to $sigma_{textrm{LT,TT}}$ are much larger. By these analysis, we conclude that the TPE contributions in $eprightarrow enpi^+$ at small $-t$ are important to extract the separated cross sections $sigma_{textrm{L,T,LT,TT}}$ and the electromagnetic magnetic form factor of $pi^+$ in the experimental analysis.
In this work, the two-photon-exchange (TPE) effects in $e^+e^- rightarrow pi^+ pi^-$ at small $sqrt{s}$ are discussed within a hadronic model. In the limit $m_erightarrow 0$, the TPE contribution to the amplitude can be described by one scalar function $overline{c}_{1}^{(2gamma)}$. The ratio between this function and the corresponding contribution in one-photon exchange $c_{1}^{(1gamma)}$ reflects all the information of the TPE corrections. The numerical results on this ratio are presented and an artificial function is used to fit the numerical results. The latter can be used conveniently in the further experimental data analysis. The numerical results show the asymmetry of the differential cross sections in $e^+e^- rightarrow pi^+ pi^-$ is about $-4%$ at $sqrt{s}sim 0.7$ GeV.
We evaluate the two-photon exchange corrections to the Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting of S states in electronic hydrogen relying on modern experimental data and present the two-photon exchange on a neutron inside the electronic and muonic atoms. These results are relevant for the precise extraction of the isotope shift as well as in the analysis of the ground state hyperfine splitting in usual and muonic hydrogen.
We propose a new method of the determination of $R^{D}=sigma_{L}^{D}/sigma_{T}^{D}$ from the dependence of the diffractive cross section on the azimuthal angle between the electron scattering and proton scattering planes. The method is based on our finding of the model independence of the ratio of the $LT$ interference and transverse diffractive structure functions. The predicted azimuthal asymmetry is substantial and can be measured at HERA. We show that the accuracy of our reconstruction of $R^{D}$ is adequate for a reliable test of an important pQCD prediction of $R^{D}gsim 1$ for large $beta$.
Starting from the recently-discovered $textrm{T}bar{textrm{T}}$-perturbed Lagrangians, we prove that the deformed solutions to the classical EoMs for bosonic field theories are equivalent to the unperturbed ones but for a specific field-dependent local change of coordinates. This surprising geometric outcome is fully consistent with the identification of $textrm{T}bar{textrm{T}}$-deformed 2D quantum field theories as topological JT gravity coupled to generic matter fields. Although our conclusion is valid for generic interacting potentials, it first emerged from a detailed study of the sine-Gordon model and in particular from the fact that solitonic pseudo-spherical surfaces embedded in $mathbb R^3$ are left invariant by the deformation. Analytic and numerical results concerning the perturbation of specific sine-Gordon soliton solutions are presented.
The ratio of di-lepton production cross sections on a proton, using the $gamma prightarrow l^+ l^- p$ process, above and below di-muon production threshold allows to extract the effective lepton-proton interaction, which is required to be identical for electrons and muons if lepton universality is exact. To test for a scenario of broken universality at the percent level, of the size which could explain the different proton charge radii extracted from electron scattering and from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy, we evaluate all one-loop QED corrections to this process, including the full lepton mass dependencies. We furthermore show that two-photon exchange processes with both photons attached to the proton line vanish after averaging over di-lepton angles, and estimate the relatively small radiation off the proton. We compare the full one-loop calculation with a soft-photon approximation of the same order, and present estimates for a planned experiment.