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Register a new user30 years of jet quenching
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Xin-Nian Wang
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In the last 30 years, the physics of jet quenching has gone from an early stage of a pure theoretical idea to initial theoretical calculations, experimental verification and now a powerful diagnostic tool for studying properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. I will describe my collaboration with Miklos Gyulassy in this exciting area of high-energy nuclear physics in the past 30 years on this special occasion of his 70th birthday and discuss what is ahead of us in jet tomographic study of QGP in heavy-ion collisions.
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We compute the inclusive jet spectrum in the presence of a dense QCD medium by going beyond the single parton energy loss approximation. We show that higher-order corrections are important yielding large logarithmic contributions that must be resummed to all orders. This reflects the fact that jet quenching is sensitive to fluctuations of the jet substructure.
QCD monopoles are magnetically charged quasiparticles whose Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) at $T<T_c$ creates electric confinement and flux tubes. The magnetic scenario of QCD proposes that scattering on the non-condensed component of the monopole ensemble at $T>T_c$ is responsible for the unusual kinetic properties of QGP. In this paper, we study the contribution of the monopoles to jet quenching phenomenon, using the BDMPS framework and hydrodynamic backgrounds. In the lowest order for cross sections, we calculate the nuclear modification factor, $R_text{AA},$ and azimuthal anisotropy, $v_2$, of jets, as well as the dijet asymmetry, $A_j$, and compare those to the available data. We find relatively good agreement with experiment when using realistic hydrodynamic backgrounds. In addition, we find that event-by-event fluctuations are not necessary to reproduce $R_text{AA}$ and $v_2$ data, but play a role in $A_j$. Since the monopole-induced effects are maximal at $Tapprox T_c$, we predict that their role should be significantly larger, relative to quarks and gluons, at lower RHIC energies.
Transverse momentum broadening and energy loss of a propagating parton are dictated by the space-time profile of the jet transport coefficient $hat q$ in a dense QCD medium. The spatial gradient of $hat q$ perpendicular to the propagation direction can lead to a drift and asymmetry in parton transverse momentum distribution. Such an asymmetry depends on both the spatial position along the transverse gradient and path length of a propagating parton as shown by numerical solutions of the Boltzmann transport in the simplified form of a drift-diffusion equation. In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, this asymmetry with respect to a plane defined by the beam and trigger particle (photon, hadron or jet) with a given orientation relative to the event plane is shown to be closely related to the transverse position of the initial jet production in full event-by-event simulations within the linear Boltzmann transport model. Such a gradient tomography can be used to localize the initial jet production position for more detailed study of jet quenching and properties of the quark-gluon plasma along a given propagation path in heavy-ion collisions.
We calculate higher-order corrections to the quenching factor of heavy-quark jets due to hard, in-medium splittings in the framework of the BDMPS-Z formalism. These corrections turn out to be sensitive to a single mass-scale $m_ast = (hat q L)^{1/2}$, where $hat q$ is the medium transport coefficient and $L$ the path length, and allow to draw a distinction between the way light, with $m < m_ast$ (in contrast to massless $m=0$), and genuinely heavy, with $m > m_ast$, quark jets are quenched in the medium. We show that the corrections to the quenching factor at high energies are double-logarithmic and qualitatively of the same order as for the massless quark jet.
We illustrate with both a Boltzmann diffusion equation and full simulations of jet propagation in heavy-ion collisions within the Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model that the spatial gradient of the jet transport coefficient perpendicular to the propagation direction can lead to a drift and asymmetry in the transverse momentum distribution. Such an asymmetry depends on both the spatial position along the transverse gradience and the propagating length. It can be used to localize the initial jet production positions for more detailed studies of jet quenching and properties of the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions.
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