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Register a new userFermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
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The Fermi-LAT collaboration
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We present the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first eight years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the 3FGL catalog, the 4FGL catalog has twice as much exposure as well as a number of analysis improvements, including an updated model for the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, and two sets of light curves (1-year and 2-month intervals). The 4FGL catalog includes 5064 sources above 4 sigma significance, for which we provide localization and spectral properties. Seventy-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall 358 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent, periodicity or correlated variability observed at other wavelengths. For 1336 sources we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 3130 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class, and 239 are pulsars.
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We present an incremental version (4FGL-DR2, for Data Release 2) of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first ten years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it uses the same analysis methods as the 4FGL catalog did for eight years of data. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions and associations are updated for all sources. Light curves are rebuilt for all sources with 1-year intervals (not 2-month intervals). Among the 5064 4FGL sources, 120 are formally below the detection threshold over 10 years (but are kept in the list), while 53 are newly associated and four associations were withdrawn. We report 723 new sources, mostly just above the detection threshold, among which two are considered identified and 341 have a plausible counterpart at other wavelengths.
An incremental version (4LAC-DR2) of the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT is presented. This version is associated with the second release of the 4FGL general catalog (based on 10 years of data), where the spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The new reported AGNs include two radio galaxies and 283 blazars. We briefly describe the properties of the new sample and outline changes affecting the previously published sample. Note: Users of this incremental release are requested to cite the original 4LAC paper (Ajello M. et al., 2020, ApJ, 892, 105).
The third catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi-LAT (3LAC) is presented. It is based on the third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) of sources detected between 100 MeV and 300 GeV with a Test Statistic (TS) greater than 25, between 2008 August 4 and 2012 July 31. The 3LAC includes 1591 AGNs located at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>10{deg}), a 71% increase over the second catalog based on 2 years of data. There are 28 duplicate associations, thus 1563 of the 2192 high-latitude gamma-ray sources of the 3FGL catalog are AGNs. Most of them (98%) are blazars. About half of the newly detected blazars are of unknown type, i.e., they lack spectroscopic information of sufficient quality to determine the strength of their emission lines. Based on their gamma-ray spectral properties, these sources are evenly split between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL~Lacs. The most abundant detected BL~Lacs are of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) type. About 50% of the BL~Lacs have no measured redshifts. A few new rare outliers (HSP-FSRQs and high-luminosity HSP BL~Lacs) are reported. The general properties of the 3LAC sample confirm previous findings from earlier catalogs. The fraction of 3LAC blazars in the total population of blazars listed in BZCAT remains non-negligible even at the faint ends of the BZCAT-blazar radio, optical and X-ray flux distributions, which is a clue that even the faintest known blazars could eventually shine in gamma rays at LAT-detection levels. The energy-flux distributions of the different blazar populations are in good agreement with extrapolation from earlier catalogs.
It is generally taken for granted that our Universe is free of antimatter objects and domains. This certitude has recently been challenged by the possible detection of anti-helium nuclei by AMS-02. Should the observation be confirmed, the existence of nearby antistars would make a plausible hypothesis to explain the origin of the antinuclei. In this paper we use the 10-years Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray source catalog to set constraints on the abundance of antistars around the Sun. We identify in the catalog 14 antistar candidates not associated with any objects belonging to established gamma-ray source classes and with a spectrum compatible with baryon-antibaryon annihilation. We use them along with an estimate of the LAT sensitivity to antistars to set upper limits on the local antistar fraction $f_{bar{ast}}$ with respect to normal stars. We provide parametric limits as a function of the closest antistar mass, velocity, and surrounding matter density. We also employ a novel Monte~Carlo method to set limits for a few hypotheses about the antistar population. For a population with properties equivalent to those of regular stars concentrated in the Galactic disk we obtain $f_{bar{ast}} < 2.5 times 10^{-6}$ at 95% confidence level, which is 20 times more constraining than limits previously available. For a primordial population of antistars distributed in the Galactic halo we obtain new local upper limits which decrease as a function of antistar mass $M$ from $f_{bar{ast}} < 0.2$ at 95% confidence level for $M = 1 ; M_odot$ to $f_{bar{ast}} < 1.6 times 10^{-4}$ at 95% confidence level for $M = 10 ; M_odot$. By combining these limits with existing microlensing constraints for lighter objects in the Magellanic clouds, we infer that a primordial population of halo antistars must have a density lower than $mathcal{O}(10^{-5};text{pc}^{-3})$ to $mathcal{O}(10^{-2};text{pc}^{-3})$ depending on their masses. Our limits can constrain models for the origin and propagation of antinuclei in cosmic rays.
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a gamma-ray source that is spatially consistent with the location of Eta Carinae. This source has been persistently bright since the beginning of the LAT survey observations (from 2008 August to 2009 July, the time interval considered here). The gamma-ray signal is detected significantly throughout the LAT energy band (i.e., up to ~100 GeV). The 0.1-100 GeV energy spectrum is well represented by a combination of a cutoff power-law model (< 10 GeV) and a hard power-law component (> 10 GeV). The total flux (> 100 MeV) is $3.7^{+0.3}_{-0.1} times 10^{-7}$ photons s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, with additional systematic uncertainties of 10%, and consistent with the average flux measured by AGILE (Tavani et al. 2009). The light curve obtained by Fermi is consistent with steady emission. Our observations do not confirm the presence of a gamma-ray flare in 2008 October as reported by Tavani et al. (2009), although we cannot exclude that a flare lasting only a few hours escaped detection by the Fermi LAT. We also do not find any evidence for gamma-ray variability that correlates with the large X-ray variability of Eta Carinae observed during 2008 December and 2009 January. We are thus not able to establish an unambiguous identification of the LAT source with Eta Carinae.
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