These are lecture notes, which summarize the current status of the Semiclassical theory, as well as Monopoles, Instantons, Instanton-dyons and Flux tubes. The emphasis is on QCD and QCD-like theories (deformed QCD), although relevant points derived in Supersymmetric theories are also covered. While the actual lectures on which the notes are based were delivered in the fall 2018, the text evolved over the years and summarizes about 4 decades of development. One recent point added is the so called Poisson duality between monopoles and instanton-dyon approaches. It is made in a book format, with extensive list of references. Large size of the text have lead to many imperfections, which I hope to correct in futu
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