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Register a new userWhich One to Go: Security and Usability Evaluation of Mid-Air Gestures
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Added by
Xiaopeng Li
Publication date
2018
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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With the emerging of touch-less human-computer interaction techniques and gadgets, mid-air hand gestures have been widely used for authentication. Much literature examined either the usability or security of a handful of gestures. This paper aims at quantifying usability and security of gestures as well as understanding their relationship across multiple gestures. To study gesture-based authentication, we design an authentication method that combines Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and conducted a user study with 42 participants over a period of 6 weeks. We objectively quantify the usability of a gesture by the number of corners and the frame length of all gesture samples, quantify the security using the equal error rate (EER), and the consistency by EER over a period of time. Meanwhile, we obtain subjective evaluation of usability and security by conducting a survey. By examining the responses, we found that the subjective evaluation confirms with the objective ones, and usability is in inverse relationship with security. We studied the consistency of gestures and found that most participants forgot gestures to some degree and reinforcing the memorization of gestures is necessary to improve the authentication performance. Finally, we performed a study with another 17 participants on shoulder surfing attacks, where attackers can observe the victims multiple times. The results show that shoulder surfing does not help to boost the attacks.
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We conducted a survey of 67 graduate students enrolled in the Privacy and Security in Healthcare course at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis. This was done to measure user preference and their understanding of usability and security of three different Electronic Health Records authentication methods: single authentication method (username and password), Single sign-on with Central Authentication Service (CAS) authentication method, and a bio-capsule facial authentication method. This research aims to explore the relationship between security and usability, and measure the effect of perceived security on usability in these three aforementioned authentication methods. We developed a formative-formative Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) model to measure the relationship between the latent variables of Usability, and Security. The measurement model was developed using five observed variables (measures). - Efficiency and Effectiveness, Satisfaction, Preference, Concerns, and Confidence. The results obtained highlight the importance and impact of these measures on the latent variables and the relationship among the latent variables. From the PLS-SEM analysis, it was found that security has a positive impact on usability for Single sign-on and bio-capsule facial authentication methods. We conclude that the facial authentication method was the most secure and usable among the three authentication methods. Further, descriptive analysis was done to draw out the interesting findings from the survey regarding the observed variables.
This paper has been withdrawn
Is it possible to form an image using light produced by stimulated emission? Here we study light scatter off an assembly of excited chromophores. Due to the Optical Theorem, stimulated emission is necessarily accompanied by excited state Rayleigh scattering. Both processes can be used to form images, though they have different dependencies on scattering direction, wavelength and chromophore configuration. Our results suggest several new approaches to optical imaging using fluorophore excited states.
Mobile application security has been a major area of focus for security research over the course of the last decade. Numerous application analysis tools have been proposed in response to malicious, curious, or vulnerable apps. However, existing tools, and specifically, static analysis tools, trade soundness of the analysis for precision and performance and are hence soundy. Unfortunately, the specific unsound choices or flaws in the design of these tools is often not known or well-documented, leading to misplaced confidence among researchers, developers, and users. This paper describes the Mutation-based Soundness Evaluation ($mu$SE) framework, which systematically evaluates Android static analysis tools to discover, document, and fix flaws, by leveraging the well-founded practice of mutation analysis. We implemented $mu$SE and applied it to a set of prominent Android static analysis tools that detect private data leaks in apps. In a study conducted previously, we used $mu$SE to discover $13$ previously undocumented flaws in FlowDroid, one of the most prominent data leak detectors for Android apps. Moreover, we discovered that flaws also propagated to other tools that build upon the design or implementation of FlowDroid or its components. This paper substantially extends our $mu$SE framework and offers an new in-depth analysis of two more major tools in our 2020 study, we find $12$ new, undocumented flaws and demonstrate that all $25$ flaws are found in more than one tool, regardless of any inheritance-relation among the tools. Our results motivate the need for systematic discovery and documentation of unsound choices in soundy tools and demonstrate the opportunities in leveraging mutation testing in achieving this goal.
Biometric research is directed increasingly towards Wearable Biometric Systems (WBS) for user authentication and identification. However, prior to engaging in WBS research, how their operational dynamics and design considerations differ from those of Traditional Biometric Systems (TBS) must be understood. While the current literature is cognizant of those differences, there is no effective work that summarizes the factors where TBS and WBS differ, namely, their modality characteristics, performance, security and privacy. To bridge the gap, this paper accordingly reviews and compares the key characteristics of modalities, contrasts the metrics used to evaluate system performance, and highlights the divergence in critical vulnerabilities, attacks and defenses for TBS and WBS. It further discusses how these factors affect the design considerations for WBS, the open challenges and future directions of research in these areas. In doing so, the paper provides a big-picture overview of the important avenues of challenges and potential solutions that researchers entering the field should be aware of. Hence, this survey aims to be a starting point for researchers in comprehending the fundamental differences between TBS and WBS before understanding the core challenges associated with WBS and its design.
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