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Register a new userMode-sum renormalization of $langlePhi^{2}rangle$ for a quantum scalar field inside a Schwarzschild black hole
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The full computation of the renormalized expectation values $langlePhi^{2}rangle_{ren}$ and $langlehat{T}_{mu u}rangle_{ren}$ in 4D black hole interiors has been a long standing challenge, which has impeded the investigation of quantum effects on the internal structure of black holes for decades. Employing a recently developed mode sum renormalization scheme to numerically implement the point-splitting method, we report here the first computation of $langlePhi^{2}rangle_{ren}$ in Unruh state in the region inside the event horizon of a 4D Schwarzschild black hole. We further present its Hartle-Hawking counterpart, which we calculated using the same method, and obtain a fairly good agreement with previous results attained using an entirely different method by Candelas and Jensen in 1986. Our results further agree upon approaching the event horizon when compared with previous results calculated outside the black hole. Finally, the results we obtained for Hartle-Hawking state at the event horizon agree with previous analytical results published by Candelas in 1980. This work sets the stage for further explorations of $langlePhi^{2}rangle_{ren}$ and $langlehat{T}_{mu u}rangle_{ren}$ in 4D black hole interiors.
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We simulate the behaviour of a Higgs-like field in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole using a highly accurate numerical framework. We consider both the limit of the zero-temperature Higgs potential, and a toy model for the time-dependent evolution of the potential when immersed in a slowly cooling radiation bath. Through these numerical investigations, we aim to improve our understanding of the non-equilibrium dynamics of a symmetry breaking field (such as the Higgs) in the vicinity of a compact object such as a black hole. Understanding this dynamics may suggest new approaches for studying properties of scalar fields using black holes as a laboratory.
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We derive explicit expressions for the two-point function of a massless scalar field in the interior region of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, in both the Unruh and Hartle-Hawking quantum states. The two-point function is expressed in terms of the standard $lmomega$ modes of the scalar field (those associated with a spherical harmonic $Y_{lm}$ and a temporal mode $e^{-iomega t}$), which can be conveniently obtained by solving an ordinary differential equation, the radial equation. These explicit expressions are the internal analogs of the well known results in the external region (originally derived by Christensen and Fulling), in which the two-point function outside the black hole is written in terms of the external $lmomega$ modes of the field. They allow the computation of $<Phi^{2}>_{ren}$ and the renormalized stress-energy tensor inside the black hole, after the radial equation has been solved (usually numerically). In the second part of the paper, we provide an explicit expression for the trace of the renormalized stress-energy tensor of a minimally-coupled massless scalar field (which is non-conformal), relating it to the dAlembertian of $<Phi^{2}>_{ren}$. This expression proves itself useful in various calculations of the renormalized stress-energy tensor.
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