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Register a new userGeneralised matter couplings in general relativity
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A new class of modified theory of gravity is introduced where the volume form becomes dynamical. This approach is motivated by unimodular gravity and can also be related to Brans-Dicke theory. On the level of the action, the only change made will be through the volume element which is used in the integration. This is achieved by the introduction of a fourth order tensor which connects the spacetime metric to the new volume form. Using dynamical systems techniques, this model is studied in the context of cosmology. The most interesting result is that there exist parameter ranges where this model starts undergoing an epoch of accelerated expansion, followed by a decelerating expansion which evolves to a final epoch of accelerated expansion.
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In this paper we review the extent to which one can use classical distribution theory in describing solutions of Einsteins equations. We show that there are a number of physically interesting cases which cannot be treated using distribution theory but require a more general concept. We describe a mathematical theory of nonlinear generalised functions based on Colombeau algebras and show how this may be applied in general relativity. We end by discussing the concept of singularity in general relativity and show that certain solutions with weak singularities may be regarded as distributional solutions of Einsteins equations.
In this Letter we discuss a natural general relativistic mechanism that causes inhomogeneities and hence generates matter perturbations in the early universe. We concentrate on spikes, both incomplete spikes and recurring spikes, that naturally occur in the initial oscillatory regime of general cosmological models. In particular, we explicitly show that spikes occurring in a class of G_2 models lead to inhomogeneities that, due to gravitational instability, leave small residual imprints on matter in the form of matter perturbations. The residual matter overdensities from recurring spikes are not local but form on surfaces. We discuss the potential physical consequences of the residual matter imprints and their possible effect on the subsequent formation of large scale structure.
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Deviations from relativity are tightly constrained by numerous experiments. A class of unmeasured and potentially large violations is presented that can be tested in the laboratory only via weak gravity couplings. Specialized highly sensitive experiments could achieve measurements of the corresponding effects. A single constraint of 1 x 10^{-11} GeV is extracted on one combination of the 12 possible effects in ordinary matter. Estimates are provided for attainable sensitivities in existing and future experiments.
We review the physics of atoms and clocks in weakly curved spacetime, and how each may be used to test the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) in the context of the minimal Standard Model Extension (mSME). We find that conventional clocks and matter-wave interferometers are sensitive to the same kinds of EEP-violating physics. We show that the analogy between matter-waves and clocks remains true for systems beyond the semiclassical limit. We quantitatively compare the experimentally observable signals for EEP violation in matter-wave experiments. We find that comparisons of $^{6}$Li and $^{7}$Li are particularly sensitive to such anomalies. Tests involving unstable isotopes, for which matter-wave interferometers are well suited, may further improve the sensitivity of EEP tests.
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