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Register a new userAlgorithmic problems in right-angled Artin groups: complexity and applications
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In this paper we consider several classical and novel algorithmic problems for right-angled Artin groups, some of which are closely related to graph theoretic problems, and study their computational complexity. We study these problems with a view towards applications to cryptography.
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The Tits Conjecture, proved by Crisp and Paris, states that squares of the standard generators of any Artin group generate an obvious right-angled Artin subgroup. We consider a larger set of elements consisting of all the centers of the irreducible spherical special subgroups of the Artin group, and conjecture that sufficiently large powers of those elements generate an obvious right-angled Artin subgroup. This alleged right-angled Artin subgroup is in some sense as large as possible; its nerve is homeomorphic to the nerve of the ambient Artin group. We verify this conjecture for the class of locally reducible Artin groups, which includes all $2$-dimensional Artin groups, and for spherical Artin groups of any type other than $E_6$, $E_7$, $E_8$. We use our results to conclude that certain Artin groups contain hyperbolic surface subgroups, answering questions of Gordon, Long and Reid.
We show that if a right-angled Artin group $A(Gamma)$ has a non-trivial, minimal action on a tree $T$ which is not a line, then $Gamma$ contains a separating subgraph $Lambda$ such that $A(Lambda)$ stabilizes an edge in $T$.
We consider the question of which right-angled Artin groups contain closed hyperbolic surface subgroups. It is known that a right-angled Artin group $A(K)$ has such a subgroup if its defining graph $K$ contains an $n$-hole (i.e. an induced cycle of length $n$) with $ngeq 5$. We construct another eight forbidden graphs and show that every graph $K$ on $le 8$ vertices either contains one of our examples, or contains a hole of length $ge 5$, or has the property that $A(K)$ does not contain hyperbolic closed surface subgroups. We also provide several sufficient conditions for a RAAG to contain no hyperbolic surface subgroups. We prove that for one of these forbidden subgraphs $P_2(6)$, the right angled Artin group $A(P_2(6))$ is a subgroup of a (right angled Artin) diagram group. Thus we show that a diagram group can contain a non-free hyperbolic subgroup answering a question of Guba and Sapir. We also show that fundamental groups of non-orientable surfaces can be subgroups of diagram groups. Thus the first integral homology of a subgroup of a diagram group can have torsion (all homology groups of all diagram groups are free Abelian by a result of Guba and Sapir).
We characterize when (and how) a Right-Angled Artin group splits nontrivially over an abelian subgroup.
We study atomic right-angled Artin groups -- those whose defining graph has no cycles of length less than five, and no separating vertices, separating edges, or separating vertex stars. We show that these groups are not quasi-isometrically rigid, but that an intermediate form of rigidity does hold. We deduce from this that two atomic groups are quasi-isometric iff they are isomorphic.
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