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Register a new userCross section of $alpha$-induced reactions on iridium isotopes obtained from thick target yield measurement for the astrophysical $gamma$ process
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The stellar reaction rates of radiative $alpha$-capture reactions on heavy isotopes are of crucial importance for the $gamma$ process network calculations. These rates are usually derived from statistical model calculations, which need to be validated, but the experimental database is very scarce. This paper presents the results of $alpha$-induced reaction cross section measurements on iridium isotopes carried out at first close to the astrophysically relevant energy region. Thick target yields of $^{191}$Ir($alpha$,$gamma$)$^{195}$Au, $^{191}$Ir($alpha$,n)$^{194}$Au, $^{193}$Ir($alpha$,n)$^{196m}$Au, $^{193}$Ir($alpha$,n)$^{196}$Au reactions have been measured with the activation technique between E$_alpha = 13.4$ MeV and 17 MeV. For the first time the thick target yield was determined with X-ray counting. This led to a previously unprecedented sensitivity. From the measured thick target yields, reaction cross sections are derived and compared with statistical model calculations. The recently suggested energy-dependent modification of the $alpha$+nucleus optical potential gives a good description of the experimental data.
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The cross sections of the 162Er(a,g,)166Yb and 162Er(a,n)165Yb reactions have been measured for the first time. The radiative alpha capture reaction cross section was measured from Ec.m. = 16.09 down to Ec.m. = 11.21 MeV, close to the astrophysically relevant region (which lies between 7.8 and 11.48 MeV at 3 GK stellar temperature). The 162Er(a,n)165Yb reaction was studied above the reaction threshold between Ec.m. = 12.19 and 16.09 MeV. The fact that the 162Er(a,g)166Yb cross sections were measured below the (a,n) threshold at first time in this mass region opens the opportunity to study directly the a-widths required for the determination of astrophysical reaction rates. The data clearly show that compound nucleus formation in this reaction proceeds differently than previously predicted.
The aim of the present work is to measure the $^{121}$Sb($alpha,gamma$)$^{125}$I, $^{121}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{124}$I, and $^{123}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{126}$I reaction cross sections. The $alpha$-induced reactions on natural and enriched antimony targets were investigated using the activation technique. The ($alpha$,$gamma$) cross sections of $^{121}$Sb were measured and are reported for first time. To determine the cross section of the $^{121}$Sb($alpha$,$gamma$)$^{125}$I, $^{121}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{124}$I, and $^{123}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{126}$I reactions, the yields of $gamma$-rays following the $beta$-decay of the reaction products were measured. For the measurement of the lowest cross sections, the characteristic X-rays were counted with a LEPS (Low Energy Photon Spectrometer) detector. The cross section of the $^{121}$Sb($alpha$,$gamma$)$^{125}$I, $^{121}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{124}$I and $^{123}$Sb($alpha$,n)$^{126}$I reactions were measured with high precision in an energy range between 9.74 MeV to 15.48 MeV, close to the astrophysically relevant energy window. The results are compared with the predictions of statistical model calculations. The ($alpha$,n) data show that the $alpha$ widths are predicted well for these reactions. The ($alpha$,$gamma$) results are overestimated by the calculations but this is due to the applied neutron- and $gamma$ widths. Relevant for the astrophysical reaction rate is the $alpha$ width used in the calculations.While for other reactions the $alpha$ widths seem to have been overestimated and their energy dependence was not described well in the measured energy range, this is not the case for the reactions studied here. The result is consistent with the proposal that additional reaction channels, such as Coulomb excitation, may have led to the discrepancies found in other reactions.
(Shorten version of the PRC abstract) Alpha-induced reactions on 127I have been studied using the activation technique in order to provide cross section data for the modeling of the astrophysical gamma process. The relative intensity of the 536.1 keV gamma transition was measured precisely, its uncertainty was reduced from 13% to 4%. By measuring the yield of the characteristic X-rays, the cross sections of the 127I(alpha,gamma)131Cs reaction have been determined for the first time close to the astrophysically relevant energy region, at energies 9.50 < Ec.m. < 15.15$ MeV. The 127I(alpha,n)130Cs reaction was studied in the range 9.62 < Ec.m. < 15.15 MeV by measuring the yield of the 536.1 keV gamma-ray and at the lower part of this energy range by counting the characteristic X-rays. A comparison of the resulting cross sections to predictions of statistical model calculations confirmed the predictions of the astrophysically relevant averaged alpha width. Nevertheless, the newly derived stellar reaction rates at gamma process temperatures for 127I(alpha,gamma)131$Cs and its reverse reaction are factors 4-10 faster than previous calculations, due to improvements in the reaction model.
As a continuation of a systematic study of reactions relevant to the astrophysical p process, the cross sections of the 74,76Se(p,gamma)75,77Br and 82Se(p,n)82Br reactions have been measured at energies from 1.3 to 3.6 MeV using an activation technique. The results are compared to the predictions of Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations using the NON-SMOKER and MOST codes. The sensitivity of the calculations to variations in the optical proton potential and the nuclear level density was studied. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental reaction rates was found for the reactions 74Se(p,gamma)75Br and 82Se(p,n)82Br.
The 106Cd(alpha,gamma)110Sn reaction cross section has been measured in the energy range of the Gamow window for the astrophysical p-process scenario. The cross sections for 106Cd(alpha,n)109Sn and for 106Cd(alpha,p)109In below the (alpha,n) threshold have also been determined. The results are compared with predictions of the statistical model code NON-SMOKER using different input parameters. The comparison shows that a discrepancy for 106Cd(alpha,gamma)110Sn when using the standard optical potentials can be removed with a different alpha+106Cd potential. Some astrophysical implications are discussed.
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