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Register a new userStudy of Negative-Ion TPC Using {mu}-PIC for Directional Dark Matter Search
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Negative-ion time projection chambers(TPCs) have been studied for low-rate and high-resolution applications such as dark matter search experiments. Recently, a full volume fiducialization in a self-triggering TPC was realized. This innovative technology demonstrated a significant reduction in the background with MWPC-TPCs. We studied negative-ion TPC using the {mu}-PIC+GEM system and obtained sufficient gas gain with CS$_{2}$gas and SF$_{6}$ gas at low pressures. We expect an improvement in detector sensitivity and angular resolution with better electronics.
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Nuclear emulsion is a well-known detector type proposed also for the directional detection of dark matter. In this paper, we study one of the most important properties of direction-sensitive detectors: the preservation by nuclear recoils of the direction of impinging dark matter particles. For nuclear emulsion detectors, it is the first detailed study where a realistic nuclear recoil energy distribution with all possible recoil atom types is exploited. Moreover, for the first time we study the granularity effect on the emulsion detector directional performance. As well as we compare nuclear emulsion with other directional detectors: in terms of direction preservation nuclear emulsion outperforms the other detectors for WIMP masses above 100 GeV/c$^2$.
Directional detection of Dark Matter is a promising search strategy. However, to perform such detection, a given set of parameters has to be retrieved from the recoiling tracks : direction, sense and position in the detector volume. In order to optimize the track reconstruction and to fully exploit the data of forthcoming directional detectors, we present a likelihood method dedicated to 3D track reconstruction. This new analysis method is applied to the MIMAC detector. It requires a full simulation of track measurements in order to compare real tracks to simulated ones. We conclude that a good spatial resolution can be achieved, i.e. sub-mm in the anode plane and cm along the drift axis. This opens the possibility to perform a fiducialization of directional detectors. The angular resolution is shown to range between 20$^circ$ to 80$^circ$, depending on the recoil energy, which is however enough to achieve a high significance discovery of Dark Matter. On the contrary, we show that sense recognition capability of directional detectors depends strongly on the recoil energy and the drift distance, with small efficiency values (50%-70%). We suggest not to consider this information either for exclusion or discovery of Dark Matter for recoils below 100 keV and then to focus on axial directional data.
A negative ion micro time projection chamber (NI$mu$TPC) was developed and its performance studied. An NI$mu$TPC is a novel technology that enables the measurement of absolute $z$ coordinates for self-triggering TPCs. This technology provides full-fiducialization analysis, which is not possible with conventional gaseous TPCs, and is useful for directional dark matter searches in terms of background rejection and the improvement of the angular resolution. The developed NI$mu$TPC prototype had a detection volume of 12.8 $times$ 25.6 $times$ 144 mm$^{3}$. The absolute $z$ coordinate was determined with a location accuracy of 16 mm using minority carrieres of SF$_{5}^{-}$. Simultaneously, there was a successful reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) tracks with a spatial resolution of 130 $murm{m}$. This is the first demonstration of 3D tracking with the detection of absolute $z$ coordinates, and it is an important step in improving the sensitivity of directional dark matter searches.
Understanding the ability to measure and discriminate particle events at the lowest possible energy is an essential requirement in developing new experiments to search for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. In this paper we detail an assessment of the potential sensitivity below 10 keV in the 1 m^3 DRIFT-II directionally sensitive, low pressure, negative ion time projection chamber (NITPC), based on event-by-event track reconstruction and calorimetry in the multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) readout. By application of a digital smoothing polynomial it is shown that the detector is sensitive to sulfur and carbon recoils down to 2.9 and 1.9 keV respectively, and 1.2 keV for electron induced events. The energy sensitivity is demonstrated through the 5.9 keV gamma spectrum of 55Fe, where the energy resolution is sufficient to identify the escape peak. The effect a lower energy sensitivity on the WIMP exclusion limit is demonstrated. In addition to recoil direction reconstruction for WIMP searches this sensitivity suggests new prospects for applications also in KK axion searches.
Three-dimensional track reconstruction is a key issue for directional Dark Matter detection. It requires a precise knowledge of the electron drift velocity. Magboltz simulations are known to give a good evaluation of this parameter. However, large TPC operated underground on long time scale may be characterized by an effective electron drift velocity that may differ from the value evaluated by simulation. In situ measurement of this key parameter is hence a way to avoid bias in the 3D track reconstruction. We present a dedicated method for the measurement of the electron drift velocity with the MIMAC detector. It is tested on two gas mixtures : $rm CF_4$ and $rm CF_4+CHF_3$. We also show that adding $rm CHF_3$ allows us to lower the electron drift velocity while keeping almost the same Fluorine content of the gas mixture.
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