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We study a spherically symmetric spacetime made of anisotropic fluid of which radial equation of state is given by $p_1 = -rho$. This provides analytic solutions and a good opportunity to study the static configuration of black hole plus matter. For a given equation-of-state parameter $w_2 = p_2/rho$ for angular directions, we find exact solutions of the Einsteins equation described by two parameters. We classify the solution into six types based on the behavior of the metric function. Depending on the parameters, the solution can have event and cosmological horizons. Out of these, one type corresponds to a generalization of the Reissiner-Nordstrom black hole, for which the thermodynamic properties are obtained in simple forms. The solutions are stable under radial perturbations.
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We investigate the gravitational field of static perfect-fluid in the presence of electric field. We adopt the equation of state $p(r)=-rho(r)/3$ for the fluid in order to consider the closed ($S_3$) or the open ($H_3$) background spatial topology. Depending on the scales of the mass, spatial-curvature and charge parameters ($K$, $R_0$, $Q$), there are several types of solutions in $S_3$ and $H_3$ classes. Out of them, the most interesting solution is the Reisner-Norstrom type of black hole. Due to the electric field, there are two horizons in the geometry. There exists a curvature singularity inside the inner horizon as usual. In addition, there exists a naked singularity at the antipodal point in $S_3$ outside the outer horizon due to the fluid. Both of the singularities can be accessed only by radial null rays.
We investigate black holes formed by static perfect fluid with $p=-rho/3$. These represent the black holes in $S_3$ and $H_3$ spatial geometries. There are three classes of black-hole solutions, two $S_3$ types and one $H_3$ type. The interesting solution is the one of $S_3$ type which possesses two singularities. The one is at the north pole behind the horizon, and the other is naked at the south pole. The observers, however, are free from falling to the naked singularity. There are also nonstatic cosmological solutions in $S_3$ and $H_3$, and a singular static solution in $H_3$.
We study spherically symmetric geometries made of anisotropic perfect fluid based on general relativity. The purpose of the work is to find and classify black hole solutions in closed spacetime. In a general setting, we find that a static and closed space exists only when the radial pressure is negative but its size is smaller than the density. The Einstein equation is eventually casted into a first order autonomous equation on two-dimensional plane of scale-invariant variables, which are equivalent to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation in general relativity. Then, we display various solution curves numerically. An exact solution describing a black hole solution in a closed spacetime was known in Ref. [1], which solution bears a naked singularity and negative energy era. We find that the two deficits can be remedied when $rho+3p_1>0$ and $rho+p_1+2p_2< 0$, where the second violates the strong energy condition.
We present a family of new rotating black hole solutions to Einsteins equations that generalizes the Kerr-Newman spacetime to include an anisotropic matter. The geometry is obtained by employing the Newman-Janis algorithm. In addition to the mass, the charge and the angular momentum, an additional hair exists thanks to the negative radial pressure of the anisotropic matter. The properties of the black hole are analyzed in detail including thermodynamics. This black hole can be used as a better engine than the Kerr-Newman one in extracting energy.
Recently neutral and charged black-hole solutions were found for static perfect fluid with the equation of state $p(r)=-rho(r)/3$, for fluid only as well as for fluid in the presence of electric field. In those works, the stability of the black holes were studied in an analytic manner, which concluded that the black holes are unconditionally unstable. In this work, we focus particularly on the {it numerical} study of the instability. For the black-hole solutions as well as the static solutions without horizons, we solve the perturbation equations numerically and find the unstable mode functions.
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