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Register a new userSpin pseudogap in the $S=frac{1}{2}$ chain material Sr$_2$CuO$_3$ with impurities
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The low energy magnetic excitation spectrum of the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic $S = 1/2$ chain system Sr$_2$CuO$_3$ with Ni- and Ca-impurities is studied by neutron spectroscopy. In all cases, a defect-induced spectral pseudogap is observed and shown to scale proportionately to the number of scattering centers in the spin chains.
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We investigate the effect of disorder on the heat transport properties of the $S=tfrac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain compound Sr$_2$CuO$_3$ upon chemically substituting Sr by increasing concentrations of Ca. As Ca occupies sites outside but near the Cu-O-Cu spin chains, bond disorder, i.e. a spatial variation of the exchange interaction $J$, is expected to be realized in these chains. We observe that the magnetic heat conductivity ($kappa_{mathrm{mag}}$) due to spinons propagating in the chains is gradually but strongly suppressed with increasing amount of Ca, where the doping dependence can be understood in terms of increased scattering of spinons due to Ca-induced disorder. This is also reflected in the spinon mean free path which can be separated in a doping independent but temperature dependent scattering length due to spinon-phonon scattering, and a temperature independent but doping dependent spinon-defect scattering length. The latter spans from very large ($>$ 1300 lattice spacings) to very short ($sim$ 12 lattice spacings) and scales with the average distance between two neighboring Ca atoms. Thus, the Ca-induced disorder acts as an effective defect within the spin chain, and the doping scheme allows to cover the whole doping regime between the clean and the dirty limits. Interestingly, at maximum impurity level we observe, in Ca-doped Sr$_2$CuO$_3$, an almost linear increase of $kappa_{mathrm{mag}}$ at temperatures above 100 K which reflects the intrinsic low temperature behavior of heat transport in a Heisenberg spin chain. These findings are quite different from that observed for the Ca-doped double spin chain compound, SrCuO$_2$, where the effect of Ca seems to saturate already at intermediate doping levels.
The Goldstone theorem mandates that a spontaneous symmetry breaking entails the emergence of gap(mass)less excitations. In the case where a rotational invariance of a system of spin magnetic moments is broken by an antiferromagnetic order, these are well-known transverse spin waves. The interaction of such Goldstone magnons with the Higgs amplitude mode of the order parameter is usually discarded, even though glimpses of Higgs physics have recently been reported in a quantum magnet, a topological insulator, and ferroelectric and disordered superconductor systems. The Goldstone-Higgs interactions could be expected to grow in importance near a quantum critical point (QCP), where the symmetry-breaking order is weak, and its amplitude fluctuations are significant. Here we report an electron spin resonance (ESR) study of a nearly one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain system, Sr$_2$CuO$_3$, which presents exactly such a case. The ESR spectra at $T > T_N$, in the disordered Luttinger-spin-liquid phase with unconfined spinons reveal ideal Heisenberg-chain behavior with only very small, field-independent linewidth, $sim 1/T$. In the ordered state, below $T_N$, we identify antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) modes, which are well described by pseudo-Goldstone magnons in the model of a collinear biaxial antiferromagnet with two gaps, $Delta_1 = 23.0$ GHz and $Delta_2 = 13.3$ GHz. Additionally, we observe a major resonant response of special nature, which we attribute to magnon interaction with the Higgs amplitude mode in a weakly ordered antiferromagnet. Its unusual field dependence indicates the presence of a quantum phase transition at $mu_0 H simeq 9.4$ T.
Comparing high-resolution specific heat and thermal expansion measurements to exact finite-size diagonalization, we demonstrate that Cs$_2$CoCl$_4$ for a magnetic field along the crystallographic b axis realizes the spin-$frac{1}{2}$ XXZ chain in a transverse field. Exploiting both thermal as well as virtual excitations of higher crystal field states, we find that the spin chain is in the XY-limit with an anisotropy $J_z/J_perp approx 0.12$ substantially smaller than previously believed. A spin-flop Ising quantum phase transition occurs at a critical field of $mu_0 H_b^{rm cr} approx 2$ T before around 3.5 T the description in terms of an effective spin-$frac{1}{2}$ chain becomes inapplicable.
In this study the magnetic order of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain system Cs$_2$CoCl$_4$ in a temperature range from 50 mK to 0.5 K and in applied magnetic fields up to 3.5 T is investigated by high-resolution measurements of the thermal expansion and the specific heat. Applying magnetic fields along a or c suppresses $T_textrm{N}$ completely at about 2.1 T. In addition, we find an adjacent intermediate phase before the magnetization saturates close to 2.5 T. For magnetic fields applied along b, a surprisingly rich phase diagram arises. Two additional transitions are observed at critical fields $mu_0 H_{SF1}simeq 0.25$ T and $mu_0 H_{SF2}simeq 0.7$ T, which we propose to arise from a two-stage spin-flop transition.
We investigate the low temperature magnetic properties of a $S=frac{5}{2}$ Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnet, the layered monodiphosphate Li$_9$Fe$_3$(P$_2$O$_7$)$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$, using magnetization measurements and $^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance. An antiferromagnetic-type order sets in at $T_{rm N}=1.3$ K and a characteristic magnetization plateau is observed at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization below $T^* sim 5$ K. A moderate $^{31}$P NMR line broadening reveals the development of anisotropic short-range correlations within the plateau phase concomitantly with a gapless spin-lattice relaxation time $T_1 sim k_B T / hbar S$, which both point to the presence of a semiclassical nematic spin liquid state predicted for the Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnetic model.
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