Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userExtension of Relativistic-Microwave Theory of Ball Lightning Including Long-term Losses And Stability
67
0
0.0
(
0
)
Authors
Karl D. Stephan
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
After centuries, the long-standing problem of the nature of ball lightning may be closer to a solution. The relativistic-microwave theory of ball lightning recently proposed by Wu accounts for many of the leading characteristics of ball lightning, which most previous theories have failed to do. It involves the impact of a lightning-caused relativistic electron bunch to soil, producing an EM pulse that forms a plasma bubble. While the theory presents a plausible account of ball-lightning formation, storing electromagnetic energy long enough to account for the observed lifetime of such objects was not demonstrated. Here we show how such a structure can develop the high Q factor (~10^10) needed for the observed lifetimes of ~seconds for ball lightning, and show that the structure is radially stable, given certain assumptions.
rate research
Read More
The nature of ball lightning (BL) is pure electric and can be described by simple equations following to elementary considerations of equality of translational acceleration and velocity of the ions and electrons, a spherical-like dipole BL as a whole and balance of the energy influx of atmospheric electricity and radiation losses. From these equations follows a linear relationship between the size of BL and the tension of the atmospheric field E. A typical size of the fireball (FB) r ~ 5 cm corresponds to the calculated electron temperature T(e) ~ 8000K at a pressure p = 1 at with a horizontal component of the electric field E a few kV/cm. I estimate the energy of BL and characterize the conditions of its possible experimental generation. The estimation is given of the surface tension of BL. The possibility of the hot and the most realistic thermodynamic non-equilibrium cold BL is discussed. Here we presented preliminary evaluations preceding the more detailed work in Arxiv.org [11].
General conditions of stability of a very dense deuterium-tritium plasma ball are discussed. It is shown that the decrease in the size of a plasma ball (increase in the plasma density) can be expected only when the temperature and the pressure in the plasma ball are kept high enough for all the particles, the nuclei and the delocalized electrons, to be described by classical statistics.
In this paper we describe a video-camera recording of a (probable) ball lightning event and both the related image and signal analyses for its photometric and dynamical characterization. The results strongly support the BL nature of the recorded luminous ball object and allow the researchers to have an objective and unique video document of a possible BL event for further analyses. Some general evaluations of the obtained results considering the proposed ball lightning models conclude the paper.
The dynamical behaviors of electromagnetic (EM) solitons formed due to nonlinear interaction of linearly polarized intense laser light and relativistic degenerate plasmas are studied. In the slow motion approximation of relativistic dynamics, the evolution of weakly nonlinear EM envelope is described by the generalized nonlinear Schr{o}dinger (GNLS) equation with local and nonlocal nonlinearities. Using the Vakhitov-Kolokolov criteria, the stability of an EM soliton solution of the GNLS equation is studied. Different stable and unstable regions are demonstrated with the effects of soliton velocity, soliton eigenfrequency, as well as the degeneracy parameter $R=p_{Fe}/m_ec$, where $p_{Fe}$ is the Fermi momentum and $m_e$ the electron mass, and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. It is found that the stability region shifts to an unstable one and is significantly reduced as one enters from the regimes of weakly relativistic $(Rll1)$ to ultrarelativistic $(Rgg1)$ degeneracy of electrons. The analytically predicted results are in good agreement with the simulation results of the GNLS equation. It is shown that the standing EM soliton solutions are stable. However, the moving solitons can be stable or unstable depending on the values of soliton velocity, the eigenfrequency or the degeneracy parameter. The latter with strong degeneracy $(R>1)$ can eventually lead to soliton collapse.
It has recently been shown that there is a close correlation between the slowdown rates and the pulse shapes of six pulsars, and between the slowdown rates and the flux density of three others. This indicates that these phenomena are related by changes in the current flows in the pulsar magnetospheres. In this paper we review the observational status of these studies, which have now been extended to a total of 16 pulsars having correlated slowdown and pulse emission properties. The changes seem to be due to sudden switching between just two discrete magnetospheric states in the well-known processes of mode-changing and pulse nulling. We also address how widespread these phenomena are in the wider pulsar population.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
