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Register a new userThe magnetic susceptibility of YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$ crystals: unusual Curie behavior and small contributions from charge density waves
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We report measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of twinned single crystals of YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$ from just above their superconducting transition temperatures to 300 K with magnetic fields of up to 5 T applied parallel and perpendicular to the CuO$_2$ planes at 7 values of $x$. Appropriate analysis allows the relatively small, but still important, Curie terms to be separated from other contributions to the susceptibility. Our data support a picture in which the Curie terms arise from oxygen disorder in the Cu-O chains. This agrees with published work on polycrystalline samples where the sample cooling rate was varied, but here we show that the Curie plots flatten out above 200 K. We identify small effects of charge density wave (CDW) instabilities in the temperature ($T$) derivative of the in-plane susceptibility $dchi_{ab}(T)/dT$ and discuss their $x$-dependence. For $x=$0.67 we make a detailed comparison with published high energy X-ray diffraction data using a minimal model involving Fermi arcs, thereby obtaining values for the CDW energy gap and the Helmholtz free energy in a coherence volume. At 80 and 100 K the latter is comparable with, or smaller than $k_BT$ respectively, highlighting the probable importance of thermal fluctuations. We note that the effect of the Lorentz force on charge carriers in the Fermi arcs could provide a simple mechanism for enhancing the CDWs in high magnetic fields, as suggested by recent experiments.
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The magnetization of three high-quality single crystals of YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$, from slightly overdoped to heavily underdoped,has been measured using torque magnetometry. Striking effects in the angular dependence of the torque for the two underdoped crystals, a few degrees above the superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) are described well by the theory of Gaussian superconducting fluctuations using a single adjustable parameter. The data at higher temperatures ($T$) are consistent with a strong cut-off in the fluctuations for $Tgtrsim1.1T_c$. Numerical estimates suggest that inelastic scattering could be responsible for this cut-off.
Using neutron scattering, we investigate the effect of a magnetic field on the static and dynamic spin response in heavily underdoped superconducting YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6+x}$ (YBCO$_{6+x}$) with x=0.33 (T$_{c}$=8 K) and 0.35 (T$_{c}$=18 K). In contrast to the heavily doped and superconducting monolayer cuprates, the elastic central peak characterizing static spin correlations does not respond observably to a magnetic field which suppresses superconductivity. Instead, we find a magnetic field induced resonant enhancement of the spin fluctuations. The energy scale of the enhanced fluctuations matches the Zeeman energy within both the normal and vortex phases while the momentum dependence is the same as the zero field bilayer response. The magnitude of the enhancement is very similar in both phases with a fractional intensity change of $(I/I_{0}-1) sim 0.1$. We suggest that the enhancement is not directly correlated with superconductivity but is the result of almost free spins located near hole rich regions.
The application of large magnetic fields ($B sim B_{c2}$) to layered cuprates suppresses their high temperature superconducting behaviour and reveals competing ground states. In the widely-studied material YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ (YBCO), underdoped ($p sim 1/8$) samples show signatures of field-induced electronic and structural changes at low temperatures. However, the microscopic nature of the field-induced reconstruction and the high-field state are unclear. Here we report an x-ray study of the high-field charge density wave (CDW) in YBCO, for doping, $0.1 lesssim p lesssim 0.13$. For $p sim 0.123$, we find that a field ($B sim 10$~T) induces new CDW correlations along the CuO chain ($b$) direction only, leading to a 3-D ordered state along this direction at $B sim 15$~T. The CDW signal along the $a$-direction is also enhanced by field, but does not develop a new pattern of correlations. We find that field modifies the coupling between the CuO$_2$ bilayers in the YBCO structure, and causes the sudden appearance of 3D CDW order. The mirror symmetry of individual bilayers is broken by the CDW at low and high fields, allowing recently suggested Fermi surface reconstruction.
On the basis of negative transport coefficients, it has been argued that the quantum oscillations observed in underdoped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) in high magnetic fields must be due to antinodal electron pockets. We point out a counter example in which electron-like transport in a hole-doped cuprate is associated with Fermi-arc states. We also present evidence that the antinodal gap in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) is robust to modest applied magnetic fields. We suggest that these observations should be taken into account when interpreting the results of the quantum oscillation experiments.
Polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction has been used to search for magnetic order in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ superconductors. Most of the measurements were made on a high quality crystal of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.6}$. It is shown that this crystal has highly ordered ortho-II chain order, and a sharp superconducting transition. Inelastic scattering measurements display a very clean spin-gap and pseudogap with any intensity at 10 meV being 50 times smaller than the resonance intensity. The crystal shows a complicated magnetic order that appears to have three components. A magnetic phase is found at high temperatures that seems to stem from an impurity with a moment that is in the $a$-$b$ plane, but disordered on the crystal lattice. A second ordering occurs near the pseudogap temperature that has a shorter correlation length than the high temperature phase and a moment direction that is at least partly along the c-axis of the crystal. Its moment direction, temperature dependence, and Bragg intensities suggest that it may stem from orbital ordering of the $d$-density wave (DDW) type. An additional intensity increase occurs below the superconducting transition. The magnetic intensity in these phases does not change noticeably in a 7 Tesla magnetic field aligned approximately along the c-axis. Searches for magnetic order in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7}$ show no signal while a small magnetic intensity is found in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.45}$ that is consistent with c-axis directed magnetic order. The results are contrasted with other recent neutron measurements.
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