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Register a new userChallenges in Nuclear Structure Theory
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Authors
Witold Nazarewicz
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The goal of nuclear structure theory is to build a comprehensive microscopic framework in which properties of nuclei and extended nuclear matter, and nuclear reactions and decays can all be consistently described. Due to novel theoretical concepts, breakthroughs in the experimentation with rare isotopes, increased exchange of ideas across different research areas, and the progress in computer technologies and numerical algorithms, nuclear theorists have been quite successful in solving various bits and pieces of the nuclear many-body puzzle and the prospects are exciting. This article contains a brief, personal perspective on the status of the field.
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We suggest a small set of fission observables to be used as test cases for validation of theoretical calculations. The purpose is to provide common data to facilitate the comparison of different fission theories and models. The proposed observables are chosen from fission barriers, spontaneous fission lifetimes, fission yield characteristics, and fission isomer excitation energies.
The soliton existence in sub-atomic many-nucleon systems is discussed. In many nucleon dynamics represented by the nuclear time-dependent density functional formalism, much attention is paid to energy and mass dependence of the soliton existence. In conclusion, the existence of nuclear soliton is clarified if the temperature of nuclear system is from 10 to 30 MeV. With respect to the mass dependence $^{4}$He and $^{16}$O are suggested to be the candidates for the self-bound states exhibiting the property of nuclear soliton.
This article presents several challenges to nuclear many-body theory and our understanding of the stability of nuclear matte r. In order to achieve this, we present five different cases, starting with an idealized toy model. These cases expose problems that need to be understood in order to match recent advances in nuclear theory with current experimental programs in low-energy nuclear physics. In particular, we focus on our current understanding, or lack thereof, of many-body forces, and how they evolve as functions of the number of particles . We provide examples of discrepancies between theory and experiment and outline some selected perspectives for future research directions.
In this work we present the first steps towards benchmarking isospin symmetry breaking in ab initio nuclear theory for calculations of superallowed Fermi $beta$-decay. Using the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group, we calculate b and c coefficients of the isobaric multiplet mass equation, starting from two different Hamiltonians constructed from chiral effective field theory. We compare results to experimental measurements for all T=1 isobaric analogue triplets of relevance to superallowed $beta$-decay for masses A=10 to A=74 and find an overall agreement within approximately 250 keV of experimental data for both b and c coefficients. A greater level of accuracy, however, is obtained by a phenomenological Skyrme interaction or a classical charged-sphere estimate. Finally, we show that evolution of the valence-space operator does not meaningfully improve the quality of the coefficients with respect to experimental data, which indicates that higher-order many-body effects are likely not responsible for the observed discrepancies.
The three-dimensional tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory (3D-TAC CDFT) is used to study the chiral modes in $^{135}$Nd. By modeling the motion of the nucleus in rotating mean field as the interplay between the single-particle motions of several valence particle(s) and hole(s) and the collective motion of a core-like part, a classical Routhian is extracted. This classical Routhian gives qualitative agreement with the 3D-TAC CDFT result for the critical frequency corresponding to the transition from planar to aplanar rotation. Based on this investigation a possible understanding of tilted rotation appearing in a microscopic theory is provided.
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