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Register a new userPerpendicular laser cooling with a rotating wall potential in a Penning trap
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We investigate the impact of a rotating wall potential on perpendicular laser cooling in a Penning ion trap. By including energy exchange with the rotating wall, we extend previous Doppler laser cooling theory and show that low perpendicular temperatures are more readily achieved with a rotating wall than without. Detailed numerical studies determine optimal operating parameters for producing low temperature, stable 2-dimensional crystals, important for quantum information processing experiments employing Penning traps.
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A direct numerical simulation of many interacting ions in a Penning trap with a rotating wall is presented. The ion dynamics is modelled classically. Both axial and planar Doppler laser cooling are modeled using stochastic momentum impulses based on two-level atomic scattering rates. The plasmas being modeled are ultra-cold two-dimensional crystals made up of 100s of ions. We compare Doppler cooled results directly to a previous linear eigenmodes analysis. Agreement in both frequency and mode structure are obtained. Additionally, when Doppler laser cooling is applied, the laser cooled steady state plasma axial temperature agrees with the Doppler cooling limit. Numerical simulations using the approach described and benchmarked here will provide insights into the dynamics of large trapped-ion crystals, improving their performance as a platform for quantum simulation and sensing.
The new generation of planar Penning traps promises to be a flexible and versatile tool for quantum information studies. Here, we propose a fully controllable and reversible way to change the typical trapping harmonic potential into a double-well potential, in the axial direction. In this configuration a trapped particle can perform coherent oscillations between the two wells. The tunneling rate, which depends on the barrier height and width, can be adjusted at will by varying the potential difference applied to the trap electrodes. Most notably, tunneling rates in the range of kHz are achievable even with a trap size of the order of 100 microns.
Two-dimensional crystals of ions stored in Penning traps are a leading platform for quantum simulation and sensing experiments. For small amplitudes, the out-of-plane motion of such crystals can be described by a discrete set of normal modes called the drumhead modes, which can be used to implement a range of quantum information protocols. However, experimental observations of crystals with Doppler-cooled and even near-ground-state-cooled drumhead modes reveal an unresolved drumhead mode spectrum. In this work, we establish in-plane thermal fluctuations in ion positions as a major contributor to the broadening of the drumhead mode spectrum. In the process, we demonstrate how the confining magnetic field leads to unconventional in-plane normal modes, whose average potential and kinetic energies are not equal. This property, in turn, has implications for the sampling procedure required to choose the in-plane initial conditions for molecular dynamics simulations. For current operating conditions of the NIST Penning trap, our study suggests that the two dimensional crystals produced in this trap undergo in-plane potential energy fluctuations of the order of $10$ mK. Our study therefore motivates the need for designing improved techniques to cool the in-plane degrees of freedom.
We present a versatile electric trap for the exploration of a wide range of quantum phenomena in the interaction between polar molecules. The trap combines tunable fields, homogeneous over most of the trap volume, with steep gradient fields at the trap boundary. An initial sample of up to 10^8 CH3F molecules is trapped for as long as 60 seconds, with a 1/e storage time of 12 seconds. Adiabatic cooling down to 120 mK is achieved by slowly expanding the trap volume. The trap combines all ingredients for opto-electrical cooling, which, together with the extraordinarily long storage times, brings field-controlled quantum-mechanical collision and reaction experiments within reach.
We describe a versatile planar Penning trap structure, which allows to dynamically modify the trapping conguration almost arbitrarily. The trap consists of 37 hexagonal electrodes, each with a circumcirle-diameter of 300 m, fabricated in a gold-on-sapphire lithographic technique. Every hexagon can be addressed individually, thus shaping the electric potential. The fabrication of such a device with clean room methods is demonstrated. We illustrate the variability of the device by a detailed numerical simulation of a lateral and a vertical transport and we simulate trapping in racetrack and articial crystal congurations. The trap may be used for ions or electrons, as a versatile container for quantum optics and quantum information experiments.
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