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Register a new userSensitivities and correlations of nuclear structure observables emerging from chiral interactions
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Starting from a set of different two- and three-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory, we use the importance-truncated no-core shell model for ab initio calculations of excitation energies as well as electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) moments and transition strengths for selected p-shell nuclei. We explore the sensitivity of the excitation energies to the chiral interactions as a first step towards and systematic uncertainty propagation from chiral inputs to nuclear structure observables. The uncertainty band spanned by the different chiral interactions is typically in agreement with experimental excitation energies, but we also identify observables with notable discrepancies beyond the theoretical uncertainty that reveal insufficiencies in the chiral interactions. For electromagnetic observables we identify correlations among pairs of E2 or M1 observables based on the ab initio calculations for the different interactions. We find extremely robust correlations for E2 observables and illustrate how these correlations can be used to predict one observable based on an experimental datum for the second observable. In this way we circumvent convergence issues and arrive at far more accurate results than any direct ab initio calculation. A prime example for this approach is the quadrupole moment of the first 2^+ state in C-12, which is predicted with an drastically improved accuracy.
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We investigate the thermodynamic equation of state of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter with microscopic nuclear forces derived within the framework of chiral effective field theory. Two- and three-body nuclear interactions constructed at low resolution scales form the basis for a perturbative calculation of the finite-temperature equation of state. The nuclear force models and many-body methods are benchmarked against bulk properties of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter at zero temperature, which are found to be well reproduced when chiral nuclear interactions constructed at the lowest resolution scales are employed. The calculations are then extended to finite temperatures, where we focus on the liquid-gas phase transition and the associated critical point. The Maxwell construction is applied to construct the physical equation of state, and the value of the critical temperature is determined to be T_c =17.2-19.1 MeV, in good agreement with the value extracted from multifragmentation reactions of heavy ions.
Chiral expansions of the two-pion exchange components of both two- and three-nucleon forces are reviewed and a discussion is made of the predicted pattern of hierarchies. The strength of the scalar-isoscalar central potential is found to be too large and to defy expectations from the symmetry. The causes of this effect can be understood by studying the nucleon scalar form factor.
We present a family of nucleon-nucleon (NN) plus three-nucleon (3N) interactions up to N3LO in the chiral expansion that provides an accurate ab initio description of ground-state energies and charge radii up to the medium-mass regime with quantified theory uncertainties. Starting from the NN interactions proposed by Entem, Machleidt and Nosyk, we construct 3N interactions with consistent chiral order, non-local regulator, and cutoff value and explore the dependence of nuclear observables over a range of mass numbers on the 3N low-energy constants. By fixing these constants using the 3-H and 16-O ground-state energies, we obtain interactions that robustly reproduce experimental energies and radii for large range from p-shell nuclei to the nickel isotopic chain and resolve many of the deficiencies of previous interactions. Based on the order-by-order convergence and the cutoff dependence of nuclear observables, we assess the uncertainties due the interaction, which yield a significant contribution to the total theory uncertainty.
This article presents several challenges to nuclear many-body theory and our understanding of the stability of nuclear matte r. In order to achieve this, we present five different cases, starting with an idealized toy model. These cases expose problems that need to be understood in order to match recent advances in nuclear theory with current experimental programs in low-energy nuclear physics. In particular, we focus on our current understanding, or lack thereof, of many-body forces, and how they evolve as functions of the number of particles . We provide examples of discrepancies between theory and experiment and outline some selected perspectives for future research directions.
Calculations of nuclei are often carried out in finite model spaces. Thus, finite-size corrections enter, and it is necessary to extrapolate the computed observables to infinite model spaces. In this work, we employ extrapolation methods based on artificial neural networks for observables such as the ground-state energy and the point-proton radius. We extrapolate results from no-core shell model and coupled-cluster calculations to very large model spaces and estimate uncertainties. Training the network on different data typically yields extrapolation results that cluster around distinct values. We show that a preprocessing of input data, and the inclusion of correlations among the input data, reduces the problem of multiple solutions and yields more stable extrapolated results and consistent uncertainty estimates. We perform extrapolations for ground-state energies and radii in $^{4}$He, $^{6}$Li, and $^{16}$O, and compare the predictions from neural networks with results from infrared extrapolations.
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