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Register a new userThe Radial and Rotational Velocities of PSO J318.5338$-$22.8603, a Newly Confirmed Planetary-Mass Member of the $beta$ Pictoris Moving Group
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PSO J318.5338$-$22.8603 is an extremely-red planetary-mass object that has been identified as a candidate member of the $beta$ Pictoris moving group based on its spatial position and tangential velocity. We present a high resolution $K$-band spectrum of PSO J318.5338$-$22.8603. Using a forward-modeling Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, we report the first measurement of the radial velocity and $v$ sin($i$) of PSO J318.5$-$22, $-$6.0$^{+0.8}_{-1.1}$ km s$^{-1}$ and 17.5$^{+2.3}_{-2.8}$ km s$^{-1}$, respectively. We calculate the space velocity and position of PSO J318.5$-$22 and confirm that it is a member of the $beta$ Pictoris moving group. Adopting an age of 23$pm$3 Myr for PSO J318.5$-$22, we determine a mass of $8.3pm0.5$ $M_{rm{Jup}}$ and effective temperature of $1127^{+24}_{-26}$ K using evolutionary models. PSO J318.5338$-$22.8603 is intermediate in mass and temperature to the directly-imaged planets $beta$ Pictoris b and 51 Eridani b, making it an important benchmark object in the sequence of planetary-mass members of the $beta$ Pictoris moving group. Combining our $v$ sin($i$) measurement with recent photometric variability data, we constrain the inclination of PSO J318.5$-$22 to $>29^{circ}$ and its rotational period to 5-10.2 hours. The equatorial velocity of PSO J318.5$-$22 indicates that its rotation is consistent with an extrapolation of the velocity-mass relationship for solar system planets.
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Context: The $beta$ Pictoris moving group is one of the most well-known young associations in the solar neighbourhood and several members are known to host circumstellar discs, planets, and comets. Measuring its age with precision is basic to study several astrophysical processes such as planet formation and disc evolution which are strongly age dependent. Aims: We aim to determine a precise and accurate dynamical traceback age for the $beta$ Pictoris moving group. Methods: Our sample combines the extremely precise Gaia DR2 astrometry with ground-based radial velocities measured in an homogeneous manner. We use an updated version of our algorithm to determine dynamical ages. The new approach takes into account a robust estimate of the spatial and kinematic covariance matrices of the association to improve the sample selection process and to perform the traceback analysis. Results: We estimate a dynamical age of $18.5_{-2.4}^{+2.0}$ Myr for the $beta$ Pictoris moving group. We investigated the spatial substructure of the association at birth time and we propose the existence of a core of stars more concentrated. We also provide precise radial velocity measurements for 81 members of $beta$ Pic, including ten stars with the first determination of their radial velocities. Conclusions: Our dynamical traceback age is three times more precise than previous traceback age estimates and, more important, for the first time, reconciles the traceback age with the most recent estimates of other dynamical, lithium depletion boundary, and isochronal ages. This has been possible thanks to the excellent astrometric and spectroscopic precisions, the homogeneity of our sample, and the detailed analysis of binaries and membership.
Jeffries & Binks (2014) and Malo et al. (2014) have recently reported Li depletion boundary (LDB) ages for the {beta} Pictoris moving group (BPMG) which are twice as old as the oft-cited kinematic age of $sim$12 Myr. In this study we present (1) a new evaluation of the internal kinematics of the BPMG using the revised Hipparcos astrometry and best available published radial velocities, and assess whether a useful kinematic age can be derived, and (2) derive an isochronal age based on the placement of the A-, F- and G-type stars in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). We explore the kinematics of the BPMG looking at velocity trends along Galactic axes, and conducting traceback analyses assuming linear trajectories, epicyclic orbit approximation, and orbit integration using a realistic gravitational potential. None of the methodologies yield a kinematic age with small uncertainties using modern velocity data. Expansion in the Galactic X and Y directions is significant only at the 1.7{sigma} and 2.7{sigma} levels, and together yields an overall kinematic age with a wide range (13-58 Myr; 95 per cent CL). The A-type members are all on the zero age-main-sequence, suggestive of an age of $>$20Myr, and the loci of the CMD positions for the late-F- and G-type pre-main-sequence BPMG members have a median isochronal age of 22 Myr ($pm$ 3 Myr stat., $pm$ 1 Myr sys.) when considering four sets of modern theoretical isochrones. The results from recent LDB and isochronal age analyses are now in agreement with a median BPMG age of 23 $pm$ 3 Myr (overall 1{sigma} uncertainty, including $pm$2 Myr statistical and $pm$2 Myr systematic uncertainties).
We report the discovery of a circumstellar debris disk viewed nearly edge-on and associated with the young, K1 star BD+45$^{circ}$598 using high-contrast imaging at 2.2$mu$m obtained at the W.M.~Keck Observatory. We detect the disk in scattered light with a peak significance of $sim$5$sigma$ over three epochs, and our best-fit model of the disk is an almost edge-on $sim$70 AU ring, with inclination angle $sim$87$^circ$. Using the NOEMA interferometer at the Plateau de Bure Observatory operating at 1.3mm, we find resolved continuum emission aligned with the ring structure seen in the 2.2$mu$m images. We estimate a fractional infrared luminosity of $L_{IR}/L_{tot}$ $simeq6^{+2}_{-1}$$times$$10^{-4}$, higher than that of the debris disk around AU Mic. Several characteristics of BD+45$^{circ}$598, such as its galactic space motion, placement in a color-magnitude diagram, and strong presence of Lithium, are all consistent with its membership in the $beta$ Pictoris Moving Group with an age of 23$pm$3 Myr. However, the galactic position for BD+45$^{circ}$598 is slightly discrepant from previously-known members of the $beta$ Pictoris Moving Group, possibly indicating an extension of members of this moving group to distances of at least 70pc. BD+45$^{circ}$598 appears to be an example from a population of young circumstellar debris systems associated with newly identified members of young moving groups that can be imaged in scattered light, key objects for mapping out the early evolution of planetary systems from $sim$10-100 Myr. This target will also be ideal for northern-hemisphere, high-contrast imaging platforms to search for self-luminous, planetary mass companions residing in this system.
We intended to compile the most complete catalog of bona fide members and candidate members of the beta Pictoris association, and to measure their rotation periods and basic properties from our own observations, public archives, and exploring the literature. We carried out a multi-observatories campaign to get our own photometric time series and collected all archived public photometric data time series for the stars in our catalog. Each time series was analyzed with the Lomb-Scargle and CLEAN periodograms to search for the stellar rotation periods. We complemented the measured rotational properties with detailed information on multiplicity, membership, and projected rotational velocity available in the literature and discussed star by star. We measured the rotation periods of 112 out of 117 among bona fide members and candidate members of the beta Pictoris association and, whenever possible, we also measured the luminosity, radius, and inclination of the stellar rotation axis. This represents to date the largest catalog of rotation periods of any young loose stellar association. We provided an extensive catalog of rotation periods together with other relevant basic properties useful to explore a number of open issues, such as the causes of spread of rotation periods among coeval stars, evolution of angular momentum, and lithium-rotation connection.
Context. Debris discs are thought to be formed through the collisional grinding of planetesimals, and can be considered as the outcome of planet formation. Understanding the properties of gas and dust in debris discs can help us to comprehend the architecture of extrasolar planetary systems. Herschel Space Observatory far-infrared (IR) photometry and spectroscopy have provided a valuable dataset for the study of debris discs gas and dust composition. This paper is part of a series of papers devoted to the study of Herschel PACS observations of young stellar associations. Aims. This work aims at studying the properties of discs in the Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG) through far-IR PACS observations of dust and gas. Methods. We obtained Herschel-PACS far-IR photometric observations at 70, 100 and 160 microns of 19 BPMG members, together with spectroscopic observations of four of them. Spectroscopic observations were centred at 63.18 microns and 157 microns, aiming to detect [OI] and [CII] emission. We incorporated the new far-IR observations in the SED of BPMG members and fitted modified blackbody models to better characterise the dust content. Results. We have detected far-IR excess emission toward nine BPMG members, including the first detection of an IR excess toward HD 29391.The star HD 172555, shows [OI] emission, while HD 181296, shows [CII] emission, expanding the short list of debris discs with a gas detection. No debris disc in BPMG is detected in both [OI] and [CII]. The discs show dust temperatures in the range 55 to 264 K, with low dust masses (6.6*10^{-5} MEarth to 0.2 MEarth) and radii from blackbody models in the range 3 to 82 AU. All the objects with a gas detection are early spectral type stars with a hot dust component.
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