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Register a new userAlignment, reverse alignment, and wrong sign Yukawa couplings in two Higgs doublet models
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We consider two Higgs doublet models with a softly broken U(1) symmetry, for various limiting values of the scalar mixing angles $alpha$ and $beta$. These correspond to the Standard Model Higgs particle being the lighter CP-even scalar (alignment) or the heavier CP-even scalar (reverse alignment), and also the limit in which some of the Yukawa couplings of this particle are of the opposite sign from the vector boson couplings (wrong sign). In these limits we impose a criterion for naturalness by demanding that quadratic divergences cancel at one loop. We plot the allowed masses of the remaining physical scalars based on naturalness, stability, perturbative unitarity and constraints coming from the $rho$ parameter. We also calculate the $hto gammagamma$ decay rate in the wrong sign limit.
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With discovery of the 125 GeV boson $h^0$, the existence of a second doublet is very plausible. We show that the alignment phenomenon, that $h^0$ is found to resemble closely the Standard Model Higgs boson, may correspond to Higgs quartic couplings $eta_i$ that are ${cal O}(1)$ in strength. If the exotic bosons of the second doublet possess extra top Yukawa couplings, which are the least constrained by data, such a two Higgs doublet model could drive electroweak baryogenesis, as well as further protect the apparent alignment. The exotic Higgs bosons can be sub-TeV in mass while remaining well hidden so far, with broad parameter space for search at the Large Hadron Collider.
The two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM) provides an excellent benchmark to study physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this work we discuss how the behaviour of the model at high energy scales causes it to have a scalar with properties very similar to those of the SM -- which means the 2HDM can be seen to naturally favor a decoupling or alignment limit. For a type II 2HDM, we show that requiring the model to be theoretically valid up to a scale of 1 TeV, by studying the renormalization group equations (RGE) of the parameters of the model, causes a significant reduction in the allowed magnitude of the quartic couplings. This, combined with $B$-physics bounds, forces the model to be naturally decoupled. As a consequence, any non-decoupling limits in type II, like the wrong-sign scenario, are excluded. On the contrary, even with the very constraining limits for the Higgs couplings from the LHC, the type I model can deviate substantially from alignment. An RGE analysis similar to that made for type II shows, however, that requiring a single scalar to be heavier than about 500 GeV would be sufficient for the model to be decoupled. Finally, we show that not only a 2HDM where the lightest of the CP-even scalars is the 125 GeV one does not require new physics to be stable up to the Planck scale but this is also true when the heavy CP-even Higgs is the 125 GeV and the theory has no decoupling limit for the type I model.
In light of the recent LHC Higgs data, we examine the parameter space of type II two-Higgs-doublet model in which the 125 GeV Higgs has the wrong sign Yukawa couplings. Combining related theoretical and experimental limits, we find that the LHC Higgs data exclude most of the parameter space of the wrong sign Yukawa coupling. For $m_H=$ 600 GeV, the allowed samples are mainly distributed in several corners and narrow bands of m_A<20 GeV, 30 GeV<m_A<120 GeV, 240 GeV<m_A<300 GeV, 380 GeV <m_A<430 GeV, and 480 GeV<m_A<550 GeV. For m_A=600 GeV, m_H is required to be less than 470 GeV. The light pseudo-scalar with a mass of 20 GeV is still allowed in case of the wrong sign Yukawa coupling of 125 GeV Higgs.
The new round of experiments, MEG II, COMET/Mu2e, and Mu3e, would soon start to push the $mu to egamma$, $mu N to eN$ conversion, and $mu to 3e$ frontier, while Belle II would probe $tau to mugamma$ and $tau to 3mu$. In the general two Higgs doublet model with extra Yukawa couplings, we show that all these processes probe the lepton flavor violating (LFV) dipole transition that arises from the two loop mechanism, with scalar-induced contact terms subdominant. This is because existing data suggest the extra Yukawa couplings $rho_{mu e},, rho_{ee} lesssim lambda_e$, while $rho_{taumu},, rho_{tautau} lesssim lambda_tau$ and $rho_{tt} lesssim lambda_t$, with $lambda_i$ the usual Yukawa coupling of the Standard Model (SM), where $rho_{mu e}rho_{tt}$ and $rho_{taumu}rho_{tt}$ enter the $mu egamma$ and $taumugamma$ two loop amplitudes, respectively. With the $B_s to mumu$ decay rate basically consistent with SM expectation, together with the $B_s$ mixing constraint, we show that $B_s to tautau$ would also be consistent with SM, while $B_s to taumu$ and $B to Ktaumu$ decays would be out of reach of projected sensitivities, in strong contrast with some models motivated by the B anomalies.
We propose a class of Two Higgs Doublet Models where there are Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) at tree level, but under control due to the introduction of a discrete symmetry in the full Lagrangian. It is shown that in this class of models, one can have simultaneously FCNC in the up and down sectors, in contrast to the situation encountered in BGL models. The intensity of FCNC is analysed and it is shown that in this class of models one can respect all the strong constraints from experiment without unnatural fine-tuning. It is pointed out that the additional sources of flavour and CP violation are such that they can enhance significantly the generation of the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe, with respect to the Standard Model.
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