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Register a new userThe radio/X-ray correlation in Cyg X-3 and the nature of its hard spectral state
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Added by
Andrzej A. Zdziarski
Publication date
2015
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We study the radio/X-ray correlation in Cyg X-3. It has been known that the soft and hard X-ray fluxes in the hard spectral state are correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with the radio flux. We show that this implies that the observed $sim$1--100 keV flux (which is a fair approximation to the bolometric flux) is completely uncorrelated with the radio flux. We can recover a positive correlation (seen in other sources and expected theoretically) if the soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by a local medium. Then, however, the intrinsic X-ray spectrum of Cyg X-3 in its hard state becomes relatively soft, similar to that of an intermediate spectral state of black-hole binaries, but not to their true hard state. We also find the radio spectra in the hard state of Cyg X-3 are hard on average, and the flux distributions of the radio emission and soft X-rays can be described by sums of two log-normal functions. We compare Cyg X-3 with other X-ray binaries using colour-colour, colour-Eddington ratio and Eddington ratio-radio flux diagrams. We find Cyg X-3 to be spectrally most similar to GRS 1915+105, except that Cyg X-3 is substantially more radio loud, which appears to be due to its jet emission enhanced by interaction with the powerful stellar wind from the Wolf-Rayet donor.
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We study long-term radio/X-ray correlations in Cyg X-1. We find the persistent existence of a compact radio jet in its soft state. This represents a new phenomenon in black-hole binaries, in addition to compact jets in the hard state and episodic ejections of ballistic blobs in the intermediate state. While the radio emission in the hard state is strongly correlated with both the soft and hard X-rays, the radio flux in the soft state is not directly correlated with the flux of the dominant disk blackbody in soft X-rays, but instead it is lagged by about a hundred days. We interpret the lag as occurring in the process of advection of the magnetic flux from the donor through the accretion disk. On the other hand, the soft-state radio flux is very tightly correlated with the hard X-ray, 15--50 keV, flux without a measurable lag and at the same rms. This implies that the X-ray emitting disk corona and the soft-state jet are powered by the same process, probably magnetically.
Using a cross-correlation method, we study the X-ray halo of Cyg X-3. Two components of dust distributions are needed to explain the time lags derived by the cross-correlation method. Assuming the distance as 1.7 kpc for Cygnus OB2 association (a richest OB association in the local Galaxy) and another uniform dust distribution, we get a distance of $7.2^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$ kpc (68$%$ confidence level) for Cyg X-3. When using the distance estimation of Cygnus OB2 as 1.38 kpc or 1.82 kpc, the inferred distance for Cyg X-3 is $3.4^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ kpc or $9.3^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ kpc respectively. The distance estimation uncertainty of Cyg X-3 is mainly related to the distance of the Cygnus OB2, which may be improved in the future with high precision astrometric measurements. The advantage of this method is that the result depends weakly on the photon energy, dust grain radius, scattering cross-section and so on.
We present here results from the X-ray timing and spectral analysis of the X-ray binary Cyg X-3 using observations from Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) on-board AstroSat. Consecutive lightcurves observed over a period of one year show the binary orbital period of 17253.56 +/- 0.19 sec. Another low-amplitude, slow periodicity of the order of 35.8 +/- 1.4 days is observed which may be due to the orbital precession as suggested earlier by Molteni et al. (1980). During the rising binary phase, power density spectra from different observations during flaring hard X-ray state show quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at ~5-8 mHz, ~12-14 mHz, ~18-24 mHz frequencies at the minimum confidence of 99%. However, during the consecutive binary decay phase, no QPO is detected up to 2-sigma significance. Energy-dependent time-lag spectra show soft lag (soft photons lag hard photons) at the mHz QPO frequency and the fractional rms of the QPO increases with the photon energy. During the binary motion, the observation of mHz QPOs during the rising phase of the flaring hard state may be linked to the increase in the supply of the accreting material in the disk and corona via stellar wind from the companion star. During the decay phase, the compact source moves in the outer wind region causing the decrease in the supply of material for accretion. This may cause weakening of the mHz QPOs below the detection limit. This is also consistent with the preliminary analysis of the orbital phase-resolved energy spectra presented in this paper.
We present the long term evolution of the timing properties of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1 in the 0.002-128 Hz frequency range as monitored from 1998 to 2001 with the RXTE. The hard state power spectral density (PSD) is well modeled as the sum of four Lorentzians, which describe distinct broad noise components. Before 1998 July, Cyg X-1 was in a quiet hard state characterized primarily by the first three of these broad Lorentzians. Around 1998 May, this behavior changed: the total fractional rms amplitude decreased, the peak frequencies of the Lorentzians increased, the average time lag slightly increased, and the X-ray spectrum softened. The change in the timing parameters is mainly due to a strong decrease in the amplitude of the third Lorentzian. Since then, an unusually large number of X-ray flares have been observed. During these failed state transitions, the X-ray power spectrum changes to that of the intermediate state. Modeling this PSD with the four Lorentzians, we find that the first Lorentzian component is suppressed relative to the second and third Lorentzian. Also the frequency-dependent time lags increase significantly. We confirm the interpretation as failed state transitions with observations from the 2001 Jan. and 2001 Oct. soft states. Such behavior suggests that some or all of the Lorentzian components are associated with the accretion disk corona. We discuss the physical interpretation of our results.
We present model fits to the X-ray line spectrum of the well known High Mass X-ray binary Cyg X-3. The primary observational dataset is a spectrum taken with the $Chandra$ X-ray Observatory High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) in 2006, though we compare it to all the other observations of this source taken so far by this instrument. We show that the density must be $geq 10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$ in the region responsible for most of the emission. We discuss the influence of the dust scattering halo on the broad band spectrum and we argue that dust scattering and extinction is not the most likely origin for the narrow featureseen near the Si K edge. We identify the features of a wind in the profiles of the strong resonance lines and we show that the wind is more apparent in the lines from the lighter elements. We argue that this wind is most likely associated with the companion star. We show that the intensities of most lines can be fitted, crudely, by a single component photoionized model. However, the iron K lines do not fit with this model. We show that the iron K line variability as a function of orbital phase is different from the lower energy lines, which indicates that the lines arise in physically distinct regions. We discuss the interpretation of these results in the context of what is known about the system and similar sys
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