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Register a new userUnconditional Room Temperature Quantum Memory
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Just as classical information systems require buffers and memory, the same is true for quantum information systems. The potential that optical quantum information processing holds for revolutionising computation and communication is therefore driving significant research into developing optical quantum memory. A practical optical quantum memory must be able to store and recall quantum states on demand with high efficiency and low noise. Ideally, the platform for the memory would also be simple and inexpensive. Here, we present a complete tomographic reconstruction of quantum states that have been stored in the ground states of rubidium in a vapour cell operating at around 80$^o$C. Without conditional measurements, we show recall fidelity up to 98% for coherent pulses containing around one photon. In order to unambiguously verify that our memory beats the quantum no-cloning limit we employ state independent verification using conditional variance and signal transfer coefficients.
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An optical quantum memory is a stationary device that is capable of storing and recreating photonic qubits with a higher fidelity than any classical device. Thus far, these two requirements have been fulfilled in systems based on cold atoms and cryogenically cooled crystals. Here, we report a room-temperature quantum memory capable of storing arbitrary polarization qubits with a signal-to-background ratio higher than 1 and an average fidelity clearly surpassing the classical limit for weak laser pulses containing 1.6 photons on average. Our results prove that a common vapor cell can reach the low background noise levels necessary for quantum memory operation, and propels atomic-vapor systems to a level of quantum functionality akin to other quantum information processing architectures.
Quantum memories provide intermediate storage of quantum information until it is needed for the next step of a quantum algorithm or a quantum communication process. Relevant figures of merit are therefore the fidelity with which the information can be written and retrieved, the storage time, and also the speed of the read-write process. Here, we present experimental data on a quantum memory consisting of a single $^{13}$C nuclear spin that is strongly coupled to the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The strong hyperfine interaction of the nearest-neighbor carbon results in transfer times of 300 ns between the register qubit and the memory qubit, with an overall fidelity of 88 % for the write - storage - read cycle. The observed storage times of 3.3 ms appear to be limited by the T$_1$ relaxation of the electron spin. We discuss a possible scheme that may extend the storage time beyond this limit.
Here we show an ultra-low noise regime of operation in a simple quantum memory in warm Rb atomic vapor. By modelling the quantum dynamics of four-level room temperature atoms, we achieve fidelities >90% for single-photon level polarization qubits, clearly surpassing any classical strategy exploiting the non-unitary memory efficiency. This is the first time such important threshold has been crossed with a room temperature device. Additionally we also show novel experimental techniques capable of producing fidelities close to unity. Our results demonstrate the potential of simple, resource-moderate experimental room temperature quantum devices.
Broadband quantum memories hold great promise as multiplexing elements in future photonic quantum information protocols. Alkali vapour Raman memories combine high-bandwidth storage, on-demand read-out, and operation at room temperature without collisional fluorescence noise. However, previous implementations have required large control pulse energies and suffered from four-wave mixing noise. Here we present a Raman memory where the storage interaction is enhanced by a low-finesse birefringent cavity tuned into simultaneous resonance with the signal and control fields, dramatically reducing the energy required to drive the memory. By engineering anti-resonance for the anti-Stokes field, we also suppress the four-wave mixing noise and report the lowest unconditional noise floor yet achieved in a Raman-type warm vapour memory, $(15pm2)times10^{-3}$ photons per pulse, with a total efficiency of $(9.5pm0.5)$%.
We demonstrate coherent storage and retrieval of pulsed light using the atomic frequency comb quantum memory protocol in a room temperature alkali vapour. We utilise velocity-selective optical pumping to prepare multiple velocity classes in the $F=4$ hyperfine ground state of caesium. The frequency spacing of the classes is chosen to coincide with the $F=4 - F=5$ hyperfine splitting of the $6^2$P$_{3/2}$ excited state resulting in a broadband periodic absorbing structure consisting of two usually Doppler-broadened optical transitions. Weak coherent states of duration $2,mathrm{ns}$ are mapped into this atomic frequency comb with pre-programmed recall times of $8,mathrm{ns}$ and $12,mathrm{ns}$, with multi-temporal mode storage and recall demonstrated. Utilising two transitions in the comb leads to an additional interference effect upon rephasing that enhances the recall efficiency.
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