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Register a new userLectures on differential equations for Feynman integrals
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Johannes M. Henn
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Over the last year significant progress was made in the understanding of the computation of Feynman integrals using differential equations. These lectures give a review of these developments, while not assuming any prior knowledge of the subject. After an introduction to differential equations for Feynman integrals, we point out how they can be simplified using algorithms available in the mathematical literature. We discuss how this is related to a recent conjecture for a canonical form of the equations. We also discuss a complementary approach that allows based on properties of the space-time loop integrands, and explain how the ideas of leading singularities and d-log representations can be used to find an optimal basis for the differential equations. Finally, as an application of the differential equations method we show how single-scale integrals can be bootstrapped using the Drinfeld associator of a differential equation.
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We elucidate the vector space (twisted relative cohomology) that is Poincare dual to the vector space of Feynman integrals (twisted cohomology) in general spacetime dimension. The pairing between these spaces - an algebraic invariant called the intersection number - extracts integral coefficients for a minimal basis, bypassing the generation of integration-by-parts identities. Dual forms turn out to be much simpler than their Feynman counterparts: they are supported on maximal cuts of various sub-topologies (boundaries). Thus, they provide a systematic approach to generalized unitarity, the reconstruction of amplitudes from on-shell data. In this paper, we introduce the idea of dual forms and study their mathematical structures. As an application, we derive compact differential equations satisfied by arbitrary one-loop integrals in non-integer spacetime dimension. A second paper of this series will detail intersection pairings and their use to extract integral coefficients.
We describe a strategy to solve differential equations for Feynman integrals by powers series expansions near singular points and to obtain high precision results for the corresponding master integrals. We consider Feynman integrals with two scales, i.e. nontrivially depending on one variable. The corresponding algorithm is oriented at situations where canonical form of the differential equations is impossible. We provide a computer implementation of our algorithm in a simple example of four-loop generalized sun-set integrals with three equal non-zero masses. Our code provides values of the master integrals at any given point on the real axis with a required accuracy and a given order of expansion in the regularization parameter $epsilon$.
We present $text{Fuchsia}$ $-$ an implementation of the Lee algorithm, which for a given system of ordinary differential equations with rational coefficients $partial_x,mathbf{f}(x,epsilon) = mathbb{A}(x,epsilon),mathbf{f}(x,epsilon)$ finds a basis transformation $mathbb{T}(x,epsilon)$, i.e., $mathbf{f}(x,epsilon) = mathbb{T}(x,epsilon),mathbf{g}(x,epsilon)$, such that the system turns into the epsilon form: $partial_x, mathbf{g}(x,epsilon) = epsilon,mathbb{S}(x),mathbf{g}(x,epsilon)$, where $mathbb{S}(x)$ is a Fuchsian matrix. A system of this form can be trivially solved in terms of polylogarithms as a Laurent series in the dimensional regulator $epsilon$. That makes the construction of the transformation $mathbb{T}(x,epsilon)$ crucial for obtaining solutions of the initial equations. In principle, $text{Fuchsia}$ can deal with any regular systems, however its primary task is to reduce differential equations for Feynman master integrals. It ensures that solutions contain only regular singularities due to the properties of Feynman integrals.
A new approach to compute Feynman Integrals is presented. It relies on an integral representation of a given Feynman Integral in terms of simpler ones. Using this approach, we present, for the first time, results for a certain family of non-planar five-point two-loop Master Integrals with one external off-shell particle, relevant for instance for $H+2$ jets production at the LHC, in both Euclidean and physical kinematical regions.
We present short review of two methods for obtaining functional equations for Feynman integrals. Application of these methods for finding functional equations for one- and two- loop integrals is described in detail. It is shown that with the aid of functional equations Feynman integrals in general kinematics can be expressed in terms of simpler integrals. Similarities between functional equations for Feynman integrals and addition theorem for Abel integrals are shortly discussed.
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