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Register a new userHomogeneous and inhomogeneous sources of optical transition broadening in room temperature CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots
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We perform photoluminescence excitation measurements on individual CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots (NCQDs) at room temperature to study optical transition energies and broadening. The observed features in the spectra are identified and compared to calculated transition energies using an effective mass model. The observed broadening is attributed to phonon broadening, spectral diffusion and size and shape inhomogeneity. The former two contribute the broadening transitions in individual QDs while the latter contributes to the QD-to-QD variation. We find that phonon broadening is often not the dominant contribution to transition line widths, even at room temperature, and that broadening does not necessarily increase with transition energy. This may be explained by differing magnitude of spectral diffusion for different quantum-confined states.
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To understand and optimize optical spin initialization in room temperature CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NCQDs) we studied the dependence of the time-resolved Faraday rotation signal on pump energy $E_p$ in a series of NCQD samples with different sizes. In larger NCQDs, we observe two peaks in the spin signal vs. $E_p$, whereas in smaller NQCDs, only a single peak is observed before the signal falls to a low, broad plateau at higher energies. We calculate the spin-dependent oscillator strengths of optical transitions using a simple effective mass model to understand these results. The observed $E_p$ dependence of the spin pumping efficiency (SPE) arises from the competition between the heavy hole (hh), light hole (lh) and split-off (so) band contributions to transitions to the conduction band. The two latter contributions lead to an electron spin polarization in the opposite direction from the former. At lower $E_p$ the transitions are dominated by the hh band, giving rise to the low energy peaks. At higher $E_p$, the increasing contributions from the lh and so bands lead to a reduction in SPE. The different number of peaks in larger and smaller NCQDs is attributed to size-dependence of the ordering of the valence band states.
The dephasing time of the lowest bright exciton in CdSe/ZnS wurtzite quantum dots is measured from 5 K to 170 K and compared with density dynamics within the exciton fine structure using a sensitive three-beam four-wave-mixing technique unaffected by spectral diffusion. Pure dephasing via acoustic phonons dominates the initial dynamics, followed by an exponential zero-phonon line dephasing of 109 ps at 5 K, much faster than the ~10 ns exciton radiative lifetime. The zero-phonon line dephasing is explained by phonon-assisted spin-flip from the lowest bright state to dark exciton states. This is confirmed by the temperature dependence of the exciton lifetime and by direct measurements of the bright-dark exciton relaxation. Our results give an unambiguous evidence of the physical origin of the exciton dephasing in these nanocrystals.
In an effort to elucidate the spin (rather than charge) degrees of freedom in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots, we report on a series of static and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of colloidal CdSe quantum dots in ultra-high magnetic fields up to 45 Tesla. At low temperatures (1.5 K - 40 K), the steady-state photoluminescence (PL) develops a high degree of circular polarization with applied magnetic field, indicating the presence of spin-polarized excitons. Time-resolved PL studies reveal a marked decrease in radiative exciton lifetime with increasing magnetic field and temperature. Except for an initial burst of unpolarized PL immediately following photoexcitation, high-field time-resolved PL measurements reveal a constant degree of circular polarization throughout the entire exciton lifetime, even in the presence of pronounced exciton transfer via Forster energy transfer processes.
We report on polarization-resolved resonant photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of bright (spin-1) and dark (spin-2) excitons in colloidal CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots. Using high magnetic fields to 33 T, we resonantly excite (and selectively analyze PL from) spin-up or spin-down excitons. At low temperatures (<4K) and above ~10 T, the spectra develop a narrow, circularly polarized peak due to spin-flipped bright excitons. Its evolution with magnetic field directly reveals a large (1-2 meV), intrinsic fine structure splitting of bright excitons, due to anisotropic exchange. These findings are supported by time-resolved PL studies and polarization-resolved PL from single nanocrystals.
In the field of condensed matter, graphene plays a central role as an emerging material for nanoelectronics. Nevertheless, graphene is a semimetal, which constitutes a severe limitation for some future applications. Therefore, a lot of efforts are being made to develop semiconductor materials whose structure is compatible with the graphene lattice. In this perspective, little pieces of graphene represent a promising alternative. In particular, their electronic, optical and spin properties can be in principle controlled by designing their size, shape and edges. As an example, graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges have localized spin polarized states. Likewise, singlet-triplet energy splitting can be chosen by designing the structure of graphene quantum dots. Moreover, bottom-up molecular synthesis put these potentialities at our fingertips. Here, we report on a single emitter study that directly addresses the intrinsic properties of a single graphene quantum dot. In particular, we show that graphene quantum dots emit single photons at room temperature with a high purity, a high brightness and a good photostability. These results pave the way to the development of new quantum systems based on these nanoscale pieces of graphene.
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