No Arabic abstract
We investigate the evolution of the Raman spectrum of defected graphene as a function of doping. Polymer electrolyte gating allows us to move the Fermi level up to 0.7eV, as monitored by textit{in-situ} Hall-effect measurements. For a given number of defects, we find that the intensities of the D and D peaks decrease with increasing doping. We assign this to an increased total scattering rate of the photoexcited electrons and holes, due to the doping-dependent strength of electron-electron scattering. We present a general relation between D peak intensity and defects valid for any doping level
Graphene is the two-dimensional (2d) building block for carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality. It can be stacked into 3d graphite, rolled into 1d nanotubes, or wrapped into 0d fullerenes. Its recent discovery in free state has finally provided the possibility to study experimentally its electronic and phonon properties. Here we show that graphenes electronic structure is uniquely captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with increasing number of layers. Raman fingerprints for single-, bi- and few-layer graphene reflect changes in the electronic structure and electron-phonon interactions and allow unambiguous, high-throughput, non-destructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
A method is proposed to extract pure Raman spectrum of epitaxial graphene on SiC by using a Non-negative Matrix Factorization. It overcomes problems of negative spectral intensity and poorly resolved spectra resulting from a simple subtraction of a SiC background from the experimental data. We also show that the method is similar to deconvolution, for spectra composed of multiple sub- micrometer areas, with the advantage that no prior information on the impulse response functions is needed. We have used this property to characterize the Raman laser beam. The method capability in efficient data smoothing is also demonstrated.
We have elaborately studied the electronic structure of 555-777 divacancy (DV) defected armchair edged graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) and transport properties of AGNR based two-terminal device constructed with one defected electrode and one N doped electrode, by using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Greens function based approach. The introduction of 555-777 DV defect into AGNRs, results in a shifting of the {pi} and {pi}* bands towards the higher energy value which indicates a shifting of the Fermi level towards the lower energy. Formation of a potential barrier, very similar to that of conventional p-n junction, has been observed across the junction of defected and N doped AGNR. The prominent asymmetric feature of the current in the positive and negative bias indicates the diode like property of the device with high rectifying efficiency within wide range of bias voltages. The device also shows robust negative differential resistance (NDR) with very high peak-to-valley ratio. The analysis of the shifting of the energy states of the electrodes and the modification of the transmission function with applied bias provides an insight into the nonlinearity and asymmetry observed in the I-V characteristics. Variation of the transport properties on the width of the ribbon has also been discussed.
The electronic structure of bilayer graphene is investigated from a resonant Raman study using different laser excitation energies. The values of the parameters of the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure model for graphite are measured experimentally and some of them differ significantly from those reported previously for graphite, specially that associated with the difference of the effective mass of electrons and holes. The splitting of the two TO phonon branches in bilayer graphene is also obtained from the experimental data. Our results have implications for bilayer graphene electronic devices.
We present spatially resolved Raman images of the G and 2D lines of single-layer graphene flakes. The spatial fluctuations of G and 2D lines are correlated and are thus shown to be affiliated with local doping domains. We investigate the position of the 2D line -- the most significant Raman peak to identify single-layer graphene -- as a function of charging up to |n|~4 10^12 cm^-2. Contrary to the G line which exhibits a strong and symmetric stiffening with respect to electron and hole-doping, the 2D line shows a weak and slightly asymmetric stiffening for low doping. Additionally, the line width of the 2D line is, in contrast to the G line, doping-independent making this quantity a reliable measure for identifying single-layer graphene.