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Register a new userEffect of input pulse chirp on nonlinear energy deposition and plasma excitation in water
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Added by
Carles Mili\\'an Enrique
Publication date
2014
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We analyze numerically and experimentally the effect of the input pulse chirp on the nonlinear energy deposition from $5 mu$J fs-pulses at $800$ nm to water. Numerical results are also shown for pulses at $400$ nm, where linear losses are minimized, and for different focusing geometries. Input chirp is found to have a big impact on the deposited energy and on the plasma distribution around focus, thus providing a simple and effective mechanism to tune the electron density and energy deposition. We identify three relevant ways in which plasma features may be tuned.
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We exploit inverse Raman scattering and solvated electron absorption to perform a quantitative characterization of the energy loss and ionization dynamics in water with tightly focused near-infrared femtosecond pulses. A comparison between experimental data and numerical simulations suggests that the ionization energy of water is 8 eV, rather than the commonly used value of 6.5 eV. We also introduce an equation for the Raman gain valid for ultra-short pulses that validates our experimental procedure.
Pulse self-compression followed by the generation of resonant radiation is a well known phenomenon in non-linear optics. Resonant radiation is important as it allows for efficient and tunable wavelength conversion. We vary the chirp of the initial pulse and find in simulations and experiments that a small positive chirp enhances the pulse compression and strongly increases the generation of resonant radiation. This result corroborates previously published simulation results indicating an improved degree of pulse compression for a small positive chirp [1]. It also demonstrates how pulse evolution can be studied without cutting back the fiber.
We calculate the electron excitation in cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) caused by the intense femtosecond laser double pulses using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We assume the electron distributions in the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB) based on three different approaches to determine the dependence of the plasma that is formed on the excitation by the first pulse. First, we consider the simple double pulse irradiation, which does not include the electron-electron collisions and relaxation. Second, we consider the partially thermalized electronic state, in which the electron temperatures and numbers in the VB and the CB are defined independently. This assumption corresponds to the plasma before the electron-hole collisions becomes dominant. The third approach uses the fully thermalized electron distribution, which corresponds to a timescale of hundreds fs. Our results indicate that the simple double pulse approach is the worst of the three, and show that the plasma formation changes the efficiency of the excitation by the second pulse. When the electron temperature decreases, the laser excitation efficiency increases as a result.
I present an overview of pulse propagation methods used in nonlinear optics, covering both full-field and envelope-and-carrier methods. Both wideband and narrowband cases are discussed. Three basic forms are considered -- those based on (a) Maxwells equations, (b) directional fields, and (c) the second order wave equation. While Maxwells equations simulators are the most general, directional field methods can give significant computational and conceptual advantages. Factorizations of the second order wave equation complete the set by being the simplest to understand. One important conclusion is that that envelope methods based on forward-only directional field propagation has made the traditional envelope methods (such as the SVEA, and extensions) based on the second order wave equation utterly redundant.
It has been suggested that the Z-mode instability driven by energetic electrons with a loss-cone type velocity distribution is one candidate process behind the continuum and zebra pattern of solar type-IV radio bursts. Both the temperature of background plasma ($T_0$) and the energy of energetic electrons ($v_e$) are considered to be important to the variation of the maximum growth rate ($gamma_{max}$). Here we present a detailed parameter study on the effect of $T_0$ and $v_e$, within a regime of the frequency ratio ($10 leq frac{omega_{pe}}{Omega_{ce}} leq 30$). In addition to $gamma_{max}$, we also analyze the effect on the corresponding wave frequency ($omega^r_{max}$) and propagation angle ($theta_{max}$). We find that (1) $gamma_{max}$ in-general decreases with increasing $v_e$, while its variation with $T_0$ is more complex depending on the exact value of $v_e$; (2) with increasing $T_0$ and $v_e$, $omega^r_{max}$ presents step-wise profiles with jumps separated by gradual or very-weak variations, and due to the warm-plasma effect on the wave dispersion relation $omega^r_{max}$ can vary within the hybrid band (the harmonic band containing the upper hybrid frequency) and the band higher; (3) the propagation is either perpendicular or quasi-perpendicular, and $theta_{max}$ presents variations in line with those of $omega^r_{max}$, as constrained by the resonance condition. We also examine the profiles of $gamma_{max}$ with $frac{omega_{pe}}{Omega_{ce}}$ for different combinations of $T_0$ and $v_e$ to clarify some earlier calculations which show inconsistent results.
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