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Register a new userNeutron-Antineutron Oscillations: A Snowmass 2013 White Paper
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This paper summarizes discussions of the theoretical developments and the studies performed by the NNbarX collaboration for the 2013 Snowmass Community Summer Study.
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Tests on $B-L$ symmetry breaking models are important probes to search for new physics. One proposed model with $Delta(B-L)=2$ involves the oscillations of a neutron to an antineutron. In this paper a new limit on this process is derived for the data acquired from all three operational phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment. The search was concentrated in oscillations occurring within the deuteron, and 23 events are observed against a background expectation of 30.5 events. These translate to a lower limit on the nuclear lifetime of $1.48times 10^{31}$ years at 90% confidence level (CL) when no restriction is placed on the signal likelihood space (unbounded). Alternatively, a lower limit on the nuclear lifetime was found to be $1.18times 10^{31}$ years at 90% CL when the signal was forced into a positive likelihood space (bounded). Values for the free oscillation time derived from various models are also provided in this article. This is the first search for neutron-antineutron oscillation with the deuteron as a target.
Experimental observation of nucleon instability is one of the missing key components required for the explanation of baryon asymmetry of the universe. Proton decays with the modes and rates predicted by(B-L)-conserving schemes of Grand Unification are not observed experimentally. There are reasons to believe that (B-L) might not be conserved in nature, thus leading to the nucleon decay into lepton+(X) and to phenomena such as Majorana masses of neutrinos, neutrinoless double-beta decays, and most spectacularly to the transitions of neutron to anti-neutron. The energy scale where (B-L) violation takes place cannot be predicted by theory and therefore has to be explored by experiments. Different experimental approaches to searching for (B-L)-violating transition of neutron to antineutron are discussed in this paper. Most powerful search for neutron to antineutron transitions can be performed in a new reactor-based experiment at HFIR reactor (ORNL) where sensitivity can be >1,000 times higher than in the previous experiments.
The Intensity Frontier (IF) is a primary focus of the U.S.-based particle physics program. It encompasses a large spectrum of physics, including quark flavor physics, charged lepton processes, neutrinos, baryon number violation, new light weakly-coupled particles, and nucleons, nuclei and atoms. There are many experiments, a range of scales in data output and throughput, and a wide range in the number of experimenters. The experiments, projects and theory in this area all require demanding computing capabilities and technologies. The IF experiments have significant computing requirements for simulation, theory and modeling, beam line and experiment design, triggers and DAQ, online monitoring, event reconstruction and processing, and physics analysis. We have conducted a qualitative survey of the current and near-term future experiments in the IF to understand the computing demands of this area and their expected evolution. This report details the expected computing requirements for the IF in the context of the Snowmass Community Summer Study 2013.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, provides an intense flux of neutrinos in the few tens-of-MeV range, with a sharply-pulsed timing structure that is beneficial for background rejection. In this white paper, we describe how the SNS source can be used for a measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENNS), and the physics reach of different phases of such an experimental program (CSI: Coherent Scattering Investigations at the SNS).
Neutrino masses are clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model and much more remains to be understood about the neutrino sector. We highlight some of the outstanding questions and research opportunities in neutrino theory. We show that most of these questions are directly connected to the very rich experimental program currently being pursued (or at least under serious consideration) in the United States and worldwide. Finally, we also comment on the state of the theoretical neutrino physics community in the U.S.
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