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Register a new userVisualization and comparison of classical structures and quantum states of 4D maps
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For generic 4D symplectic maps we propose the use of 3D phase-space slices which allow for the global visualization of the geometrical organization and coexistence of regular and chaotic motion. As an example we consider two coupled standard maps. The advantages of the 3D phase-space slices are presented in comparison to standard methods like 3D projections of orbits, the frequency analysis, and a chaos indicator. Quantum mechanically, the 3D phase-space slices allow for the first comparison of Husimi functions of eigenstates of 4D maps with classical phase space structures. This confirms the semi-classical eigenfunction hypothesis for 4D maps.
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It is shown that in transient chaos there is no direct relation between averages in a continuos time dynamical system (flow) and averages using the analogous discrete system defined by the corresponding Poincare map. In contrast to permanent chaos, results obtained from the Poincare map can even be qualitatively incorrect. The reason is that the return time between intersections on the Poincare surface becomes relevant. However, after introducing a true-time Poincare map, quantities known from the usual Poincare map, such as conditionally invariant measure and natural measure, can be generalized to this case. Escape rates and averages, e.g. Liapunov exponents and drifts can be determined correctly using these novel measures. Significant differences become evident when we compare with results obtained from the usual Poincare map.
The dynamics in three-dimensional billiards leads, using a Poincare section, to a four-dimensional map which is challenging to visualize. By means of the recently introduced 3D phase-space slices an intuitive representation of the organization of the mixed phase space with regular and chaotic dynamics is obtained. Of particular interest for applications are constraints to classical transport between different regions of phase space which manifest in the statistics of Poincare recurrence times. For a 3D paraboloid billiard we observe a slow power-law decay caused by long-trapped trajectories which we analyze in phase space and in frequency space. Consistent with previous results for 4D maps we find that: (i) Trapping takes place close to regular structures outside the Arnold web. (ii) Trapping is not due to a generalized island-around-island hierarchy. (iii) The dynamics of sticky orbits is governed by resonance channels which extend far into the chaotic sea. We find clear signatures of partial transport barriers. Moreover, we visualize the geometry of stochastic layers in resonance channels explored by sticky orbits.
This paper presents the momentum map structures which emerge in the dynamics of mixed states. Both quantum and classical mechanics are shown to possess analogous momentum map pairs. In the quantum setting, the right leg of the pair identifies the Berry curvature, while its left leg is shown to lead to more general realizations of the density operator which have recently appeared in quantum molecular dynamics. Finally, the paper shows how alternative representations of both the density matrix and the classical density are equivariant momentum maps generating new Clebsch representations for both quantum and classical dynamics. Uhlmanns density matrix and Koopman-von Neumann wavefunctions are shown to be special cases of this construction.
The local density of states (LDOS) is a distribution that characterizes the effect of perturbations on quantum systems. Recently, it was proposed a semiclassical theory for the LDOS of chaotic billiards and maps. This theory predicts that the LDOS is a Breit-Wigner distribution independent of the perturbation strength and also gives a semiclassical expression for the LDOS witdth. Here, we test the validity of such an approximation in quantum maps varying the degree of chaoticity, the region in phase space where the perturbation is applying and the intensity of the perturbation. We show that for highly chaotic maps or strong perturbations the semiclassical theory of the LDOS is accurate to describe the quantum distribution. Moreover, the width of the LDOS is also well represented for its semiclassical expression in the case of mixed classical dynamics.
We present a computational study of a visualization method for invariant sets based on ergodic partition theory, first proposed in [1,2]. The algorithms for computation of the time averages of observables on phase space are developed and used to provide an approximation of the ergodic partition of the phase space. We term the graphical representation of this approximation - based on time averages of observables - a Mesochronic Plot (from Greek: textit{meso} - mean, textit{chronos} - time}. The method is useful for identifying low-dimensional projections (e.g. two-dimensional slices) of invariant structures in phase spaces of dimensionality bigger than two. We also introduce the concept of the ergodic quotient space, obtained by assigning a point to every ergodic set, and provide an embedding method whose graphical representation we call the Mesochronic Scatter Plot (MSP). We use the Chirikov standard map as a well-known and dynamically rich example in order to illustrate the implementation of our methods. In addition, we expose applications to other higher dimensional maps such as the Froeschle map for which we utilize our methods to analyze merging of resonances and, the three-dimensional Extended standard map for which we study the conjecture on its ergodicity [3]. We extend the study in our next paper [4] by investigating the visualization of periodic sets using harmonic time averages. Both of these methods are related to eigenspace structure of the Koopman operator.
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